202 LIVESTOCK ON^ THE P\\RM 



heaves in a horse. There is no cure and the chfficulty should 

 be prevented with exercise. 



Lice. — Sometimes pigs are troubled with lice. These are 

 best removed by dipping the hogs in crude oil. The hogs are 

 driven through a dipping vat nearly filled with water with a 

 layer of the oil on top. Coal tar dips are also used but are not 

 so effective as the crude oil. An oil spray or rubbing with oil 

 is also good. In some of the European countries a crude castor 

 oil is used. This is poured with a can along the back of the 

 hog. As it works its way down the side of the hog the lice are 

 covered. This kills them by covering their breathing pores. 



Worms. — When hogs are wormy they look unthrifty and 

 sometimes cough. Wormy hogs should be properly fed, their 

 ration containing mineral substances. A crop of pumpkins 

 grown in summer and fed to the hogs in the fall is not only one 

 of the best and cheapest feeds to be had but will also remove 

 worms. Commercial worm remedies are also available but 

 prevention with minerals and pumpkins is preferable. 



Rooting. — By rooting hogs not only get mineral substances 

 but also palatable feeds. If pastures are destroyed by this 

 habit it may be prevented by putting rings into the snouts of 

 the hogs. The single rings are best. 



Abortion. — Occasionally hogs are afflicted with contagious 

 abortion similar to that in cattle. The disease should be 

 treated as in cows. Constitution and vigor should be used 

 as a preventive. Isolation and disinfection are helpful. The 

 worst cases should be disposed of. Hogs become immune to 

 the disease in time. 



Tuberculosis. — Hogs are subject to tuberculosis. The dis- 

 ease works much more rapidly with hogs than with cattle and 

 can be prevented by not feeding tuberculous feeds. Milk 

 from tuberculous herds and from creameries should be guarded 

 against. It should be sterilized. 



Hogs contract tuberculosis only by ingestion, by taking the 

 germs into the digestive tract. This makes it easier to fight 

 the disease with hogs than with cattle. 



Marketing. — Hogs should be marketed whenever they are 

 in fit condition. In other words, they should be fed with the 

 time at which they are to be marketed in mind. When a hog 



