SCIENTIFIC SWINE FEEDING 249 



point and the capacity for feed largely retained. These are 

 important considerations because later in life pigs naturally 

 eat a smaller quantity for every 100 pounds of live weight and 

 less than they might utilize. The substitution of concen- 

 trated for bulky feeds later in the life of the market hog is, 

 therefore, advised. 



Furthermore, by the introduction of a roughage, diges- 

 tion is somewhat retarded, making a smaller excess of digestible 

 nutrients available at any given time. This limits the factor 

 of waste and increases the efficiency of the ration, making 

 possible larger and more economical gains. The amount 

 of roughage fed may easily be overdone, as a pig has only one 

 small stomach and cannot be expected to obtain more than a 

 part of the nutrients necessary for large gains from feeds of 

 this character. 



Bulk in a ration is a desirable factor during the growing 

 stage and especially during the earlier part of it. It is also a 

 necessary consideration for breeding hogs. Clover, alfalfa 

 and other green feeds are bulky, consequently, in so far as 

 bulk may be furnished by feeds of this character, they answer 

 the purpose very well. For winter, finely chopped clover or 

 alfalfa hay also answer the purpose to some extent, but these 

 have the cHsadvantage, when fed in slop, of having pieces of 

 cut stems that are more or less sharp and may injure the diges- 

 tive tract because the pig does not always masticate feed in 

 this form. To overcome this, clover and alfalfa should be fed 

 in a form that they will require their thorough mastication. 

 This may be done by chopping the clover and alfalfa as fine 

 as possible in a fodder cutter, wetting it with steam or hot water 

 and mixing a little meal with it. This mixture should be fed 

 before the grain part of the ration is given. If bran is used 

 as a roughage it may be mixed into the slop. 



CLASSIFICATION OF FEEDS 



A few of the most common swine feeds are given herewith. 

 The digestible nutrients named are from various sources. 

 Some are from analyses by the Ilhnois station, some from the 

 work of Armsby of Pennsylvania, and some from general 

 feeding tables such as are given in ''Feeds and Feeding" by 



