230 The Management and Treatment of the Horse, 



constitute together the life cycle of a creature ex- 

 pressly organized to lead a parasite life. I have never 

 yet heard of an English butcher who had ever seen 

 one of these parasites, and yet I believe that at this 

 moment at least 10,000 persons in this country are 

 playing the part of host to these creatures. Butchers 

 are profoundly ignorant in this respect. You will say, 

 How do cattle get the parasite ? I will explain : 

 Millions of these creatures pass from their human 

 bearers every day in this country, with other things that 

 are vile, and make their way into the sewage, which 

 it is now the fashion to spread over the land, far 

 and wide, and are thus distributed by millions upon 

 the delightful verdure on which our cattle graze." 

 These eggs are thus often taken into the mouths of 

 animals along Avith green fodder ; every egg swallowed 

 from fresh sewage becomes a measle, and every measle 

 that is in the flesh of the animal goes to market, and is 

 thenceforth liable to be sold and eaten, and will after- 

 wards become a tapeworm, providing the purchaser does 

 not take the precaution of having the food properly 

 cooked. Here is the value of reason — the animal neither 

 reasons about it, nor does it cook its food ; if we would 

 avoid these things ourselves, we must simply have the 

 food well cooked. A temperature of 160°, if continued 

 will be sufficient to kill trichinae, whilst 140° will kill 

 cysticercus bovis. The horse becomes affected with tape- 

 worm in the same manner as cattle. When the symp- 

 toms we have pointed out are noticed, the groom should 

 carefully watch whether worms are voided, to ascertain 

 their existence. Stiil, however, they may be lodged in 



