10 SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDERS. 



45. Cucurbitaceae (p. 194). Tendril-bearing vines, with dioecious or monce- 

 cious flowers. Corolla 5-lobed, often confluent Avith the calyx. Stamens 

 3 or 5, usually more or less united and the anthers often tortuous. Fruit 

 fleshy or membranous, 1 - 5-celled, the placentee often produced to the 

 axis and revolute. Seeds exalbuminous. 



1- 1- Embryo curved or coiled about central albumen ; leaves entire. 



46. Cactaceae (p. 196). Fleshy and mostly leafless prickly plants, Avith sol- 

 itary sessile perfect flowers. Calyx-lobes and petals indefinite, imbricated, 

 the numerous stamens on the tube. Fruit a 1-celled many-seeded berry. 



47. Ficoideae (p. 198). Calyx-lobes or sepals 5 and petals none in our gen- 



era. Capsule 3 - 5-celled with axile placentae, loculicidal or circumscissile, 

 many-seeded. Often fleshy ; leaves mostly opposite or verticillate. 



* 4. Flowers small, regular, perfect or polygamous ; calyx-limb minute or ob- 



solete; ovary inferior, 2 - several-celled, with solitary pendulous ovules; 

 petals and stamens mostly 4 or 5, on the margin of an epigynous disk 

 surrounding the styles ; albumen copious. 



48. Umbelliferae (p. 198). Flowers in umbels or heads. Petals (inflexed) 

 and stamens 5. Styles 2. Fruit of 2 dry seed-like carpels, the pericarp 

 usually with oil-tubes. Herbs, Avith alternate mostly compound leaves^ 



49. Araliaceae (p. 212). FloAvers mostly in umbels and nearly as in Umbel- 

 liferiB ; petals not inflexed and styles 2 or more. Fruit a 2 - several-celled 

 drupe. Herbs or shrubs, Avith alternate mostly compound leaves. 



50. Cornaceae (p. 213). FloAvers not in umbels; petals (vah-ate, or none) 

 and stamens 4 or 5. Style 1. Fruit a 1 -2-seeded drupe. Trees, shrubs, 

 or rarely herbs, Avitli opposite or alternate simple and mostly entire leaves. 



Division IL GAMOPETALOUS: calyx and corolla both present, 

 the latter of united petals (excepting some Ericacea;, Styracacese, 

 and Oleaceae, Galax, Statice, and Lysimachia). Apetalous flow-ers 

 occur in Glaux and some Oleacefe. Stipules present only in Rubi- 

 aceje and Loganiacea?, or rarely in Caprifoliaceae. 



* 1. Ovary inferior; stamens borne upon the corolla, alternate with its lobes. 

 *- Stamens distinct ; leaves opposite or Avhorled ; seed albuminous except in 



Valerianaceffi. 



51. Caprifoliaceae (p. 216), Corolla mostly 5-lobed, regular or irregular, 

 Jthe stamens as many (one feAver in Linnaa, doubled in Adoxa) Ovary 1 - 

 several-celled ; fruit a berry, drupe, or pod, 1 - several-seeded. Shrubs or 

 herbs ; leaves opposite, rarely stipular, not turning black in drying. 



52. Rubiaceae (p. 222). FloAvers regular, 4 - 5-merous, the corolla mostly 

 valvate. OA^ary 2-4-celled. Herbs or shrubs; leaves simple, entire, op- 

 posite Avith stipules, or verticillate, usually turning black in drying. 



53. Valerianaceae (p. 228). Stamens (1-4) fewer than the lobes of the 



somcAvhat irregular corolla. Ovary Avith two abortive or empty cells and 

 one containing a suspended ovule. Fruit dry and indehiscent. Herbs. 



54. Dipsaceae (p. 229). Flowers mostly 4-merous and Avith 4 (rarely 2) sta- 



mens, involucellate in involucrate heads ; corolla-lobes imbricate. Ova^y 

 simple, 1-celled, Avith a suspended ovule. Herbs. 



