SYNOPSIS OF THE ORDERS. 15 



H- 2. Ovary 1-celled, 1-seeded ; trees or shrubs (except some Urticaceae). 

 ++ Calyx regular, the stamens as mauy as the lobes aud opposite them or 



fewer ; ovary s. jperior. 

 99. Urticaceae (p. 461). Flowers monojcious, dicjecious, or (in Ulmeaj) per- 

 fect. Seeds exalbuminous or nearly so. luHurescence very various. 

 ■♦-*• ++ Perianth mostly none ; at least the staminate flowers in amcnts or spikes 

 or dense heads ; albumen none. 



100. Platanaceae (p. 406). Trees, with alternate palraately lobcd leaves, 

 sheatliiug stipules, and monoicious flowers in separate globose heads. 

 Ovary superior; fruit a club-shaped nutlet. 



101. Juglandaceae (p. 407). Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves, no stip- 

 ules, and mona'cious flowers, the staminate in aments. Ovary inferior; 

 fruit a nut. 



102. Myricaceae (p. 469). Shrubs, with resiuous-dotted leaves, with or with- 

 out stipules, and raouoicious or dioecious flowers, botli kinds in short scaly 

 aments. Ovary superior, becoming a small drupe-like nut. 



•*- 3. Ovary 2 - 7-celled, with 1 or 2 suspended ovules in each cell, becoming 

 1-celled and 1-seeded; calyx mostly none or adherent to the ovary; trees 

 or shrubs with simple leaves. 



103. Cupuliferae (p. 470). Flowers monoecious. Fruit a nut surrounded by 

 an involucre, or (in Betuleoe) a small winged or angled naked nutlet in 

 the axils of the scales of an ament. 



•»- 4. Ovary 1-celled, becoming a 2-valved pod with two parietal or basal pla- 

 centa bearing numerous small comose seeds ; perianth none. 



104. Salicaceae (p. 480). Dioecious trees or shrubs, with both kinds of 

 flowers in aments, and simple alternate stipulate leaves. 



•t- 5. Ovary several-celled, becoming a drupe containing 3-9 1-seeded nutlets ; 

 seed erect ; low shrubby heath-like evergreens. 



105. Empetraceae (p. 487). Flowers polygamous or dioecious, scaly-bracted. 

 Sepals somewhat petaloid or none. Embryo axile in copious albumen. 



-t- 6. Ovary 1-celled Avith a suspended ovule, becoming an achene ; calyx none ; 

 aquatic herbs, with finely dissected whorled leaves. 



106. Ceratophyllaceae (p. 488). Flowers monoecious, minute, axillary aud 

 sessile. Albumen none ; the seed filled with a highly developed embryo. 



Subclass IL GYMNOSPERMOUS EXOGENS. Ovules naked 

 upon a scale, bract, or disk. Cotyledons two or more. 



107. Coniferae (p. 489). Resiniferous trees or shrubs, with mostly awl- 

 shaped or needle-shaped and evergreen leaves, and mona^cious or diacious 

 flowers. 



Class II. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



Stems without central pith or annular layers, but havinj; the woody 

 fibres distributed irregularly through them (a transverse slice showing 

 the fibres as dots scattered through the cellular tissue). Embryo with a 

 single cotyledon and the early leaves always alternate. Parts of the 



