52 BERBERIDACE^. (BARBERRY FAMILY.) 



crested-toothed on the edge of the cavity. — Rich soil, Kv. to S. 111. and Kan., 

 and southward. May. — Stems climbing to the tops of trees. 



Order 5. BERBERIDACE^E. (Barberry Family.) 



Shrubs or herbs, with the sepals and petals both imbricated in the bud, usu- 

 allij in two rows of 3 {rarely 2 or 4) each ; the hypogynous stamens as many 

 as the petals and opposite to them ; anthei's opening by 2 valves or lids hinged 

 at the top. (Podophyllum is an exception, and Jeffersonia as respects 

 the sepals in one row.) Pistil single. Filaments short. Style Aort or 

 none. Fruit a berry or a pod. Seeds few or several, anatropous, with 

 albumen. Embryo small, except in Berberis. Leaves alternate, with 

 dilated bases or stipulate. 



* Petal;? ;ni<l stamens 6. Fruit few-seeded. 



1. Berberis. Shrubs, wit'.i yellov*- dowers and wood ; a pair of glandular spots on the base 



of each petal. Fruit a berry. 



2. Caulophyllum. Herb, with greenish flowers; petals thick, much shorter than the 



sejials. Ovary soon bursting; the two seeds left naked, 



3. Diphylleia. Herb with white flowers ; petals much longer than the sepals. Berry 2- 



4-seeded. 



* * Petals 6-0. Stamens 8 - 18. Fruit many-seeded. Herbs. 



4. JeflPersonia. Petals and stamens usually 8 ; anthers opening by uplifted valves. Pod 



opening by a lid. 



5. Podophyllum. Petals 6 -9. Stamens 12- 18 ; anthers not opening by uplifted valves. 



Fruit a large berry. 



1. BERBERIS, L. Barberry. 



Sepals 6, roundish, with 2-6 hractlets outside. Petals 6, obovate, concave, 

 with two glandular spots inside above the short claw. Stamens 6. Stigma 

 circular, depressed. Fruit a 1 -few-seeded berry. Seeds erect, with a crusta- 

 ceous integument. — Shrubs, with yellow Avood and inner bark, yellow flowers 

 in drooping racemes, sour berries, and 1 -9-foliolate leaves. Stamens irritable. 

 (Derived from Berherys, the Arabic name of the fruit.) 



1. B. Canadensis, Pursh. (American Barberry.) Leaves repandly 

 toothed, the teeth less bristly-pointed; racemes few-Jloicered ; petals notched 

 at the apex; berries ov(d ; otherwise as in the next. — Alleghanies of Ya. and 

 southward; not in Canada. June. — Shrub 1-3° high. 



B. vuLCiXRis, L. (Common Barberry.) Leaves scattered on the fresh 

 shoots of the season, mostly reduced to sharp triple or branched spines, from 

 the axils of which the next season proceed rosettes or fascicles of obovate- 

 oblong closely bristly-toothed leaves (the short petiole jointed !), and drooping 

 many-floicered racemes; petals entire; berries o Wo?? 7, scarlet. — Thickets and 

 waste grounds in E. New Eng., where it has become thoroughly wild ; elsewhere 

 occasionally spontaneous. May, June. (Xat. from Eu.) 



2. CAULOPHYLLUM, Michx. Blue Cohosh. 



Sepals 6, with 3 or 4 small bractlets at the base, ovate-oblong. Petals 6 thick 

 and gland-like somewhat kidney-shaped or hooded bodies, with short claws, 

 much smaller than the sepals, one at the base of each of them. Stamens 6 ; 

 anthers oblong. Pistil gibbous ; style short ; stigma minute and unilateral ; 



