72 CKLCIFER^. (mustard FAMILY.) 



2. S. canescens, Nutt. (Tansy Mustard.) Leaves 2-pinnatif d , often 

 hoary or downy, the divisions small and toothed ; flowers yellowish, very 

 small; pods in long racemes, oblong-club-shaped or oblong-linear, shorter 

 than their mostly horizontal pedicels; seeds 2-ranked in each cell. — Penn. 

 and N. Y. to Lake Superior, tlience southward and westward. June - Aug. 



S. Sophia, L. A similar hoary species, with decompound leaves; pods 

 slender, 6-15'' long, ascending; seeds 1 -ranked. — Sparingly naturalized 

 from Europe. 



S. OFFICINALE, Scop. (Hedge Mustard.) Leaves rnncinate ; flowers 

 very small, pale yellow ; pods awl-shaped, close pressed to tlie stem, scarcely 

 stalked. — Waste places. May - Sept. — An unsightly branched weed, 2 - 3'^ 

 high. (Nat. from Eu.) 



S. ThaliXna, Gaud. (Mouse-ear Cress.) Leaves obovate or oblong, entire 

 or barely toothed ; flowers wliite ; pods linear, somewhat 4-sided, longer than 

 the slender spreading pedicels. — Old fields and rocks, Mass. to Kan. April, 

 May. — A span high, slender, branched, hairy at the I)ase. (Xat. from Eu.) 



S. AlliXria, Scop. Stout, erect ; leaves reniform to ovate-cordate, coarsely 

 repand-dentate ; flowers white ; pods tapering, 1 - 2' long, ascending ou very 

 stout spreading pedicels. — Near Georgetown, D. C. (Xat from Eu.) 



16. THELYPODIUM, Endl. 



Pod terete or teretish ; valves 1 -nerved ; stigma mostly entire. Seeds in 1 

 row in each cell, oblong, marginless. Cotyledons obliquely incumbent. — 

 Stout biennials or perennials, with mostly large purplish or white flowers. 

 Leaves or petioles often auricled at base. (Name from drjKvs, female, a.nd 

 Trois,foot, the ovary in some species being stipitate.) 



I. T. pinnatifidum, Watson. Glabrous (1-3° high), often branched 

 above; root-leaves round or heart-shaped, on slender petioles; stem-leaves 

 auricled, ovate-oblong and ovate-lanceolate (2-6' long), sharply and offen 

 doubly toothed, tapering to each end, the lower into a winged petiole, rarely 

 bearing a pair or two of small lateral lobes ; flowers purplish ; pods 1 - 1^' 

 long, on short diverging pedicels, pointed by a short style. (Arabis hesperid- 

 oides, Graif.) Alluvial river-banks, W. Pa. to Minn., Mo., and southwestward. 

 May, June. 



17. BRASSICA (Brassica and Sinapis), Tourn. 



Pod linear or oblong, nearly terete or 4-sided, with a stout 1 -seeded beak or 

 a rigid style; valves 1-5-nerved. Seeds globose, 1-rowed. Cotyledons 

 incumbent, folded around tlie radicle. — Annuals or biennials, with yellow 

 flowers. Lower leaves mostly lyrate, incised, or pinnatifid. (The Latin name 

 of the Cabbage. Sinapis is the Greek aivain, which is said to come from the 

 Celtic nap, a turnip.) 



B. SiNAPfsTRUM, Boiss. (or SinXpis ARTENSis, L., the English Charlock), 

 with knotty pods, fully one third occupied In' a stout 2-edged beak (which is 

 either empty or 1-seeded), the upper leaves barely toothed, is a noxious 

 weed in grain-fields, from N. Eng. to Penn. and N. Y. westward. (Adv. from 

 Eu.) 



B. (or SinXpis) Alba. (White Mustard.) Pods bristly, ascending on 

 spreading pedicels, more than half its length occupied by the sword-shaped 1- 

 secded beak ; leaves all pinnatifid ; seeds pale. (Cult, and adv. from Eu.) 



B. (or SinXpis) nigra, Koch. (Black Mustard.) Pods smooth (^' long), 

 4-cornered (tlie valves only 1 -nerved), erect on appressed pedicels forming a 

 Blender raceme, tipped with a stout persistent style ; seeds dark brown, smaller 



