VIOLACE^. (VIULKT lAMII.Y.) 79 



•♦- ■*- Stigma small, naked, ojien beaked or pointed. 



4H- Root stock flesh 1/ and thickened, never filiform nor producing runners ; fioners 



violet or purple {rarely white) ; lateral petals bearded. 



2. V. pedatifida, G. Don. Leaves all palinately or jjcdately 5 - T-parted ; 

 divisions 2-.'5-tltft ; IdIics linear; otherwise like u..3. (V.(lcli)liinif()lia, Xutt.) 

 — l^ich prairies, or more ol'ten in dry poor land, 111. to Kan. and Minn. 



3. V. palm^ta, L. (Com.mon Blue V.) Glabrous to villous-puhescent; 

 early leaves roundish-cordate or reniform and merely crenate, the sides rolled 

 inward when young, the later very various, palniately or pedately or has- 

 tately lobed or parted, the segments obovate to linear. (\^ cucullata, var. 

 palmata, Graif.) — Moist or dryish, especially sterile, ground ; very c<nnnion. 



Var. cucullata, Gray. Later leaves merely crenate, not lobed. (\'. cu- 

 cullata. Ait.) — Low grounds; common everywhere. Both forms are very 

 variable in the size and shape of the leaves and sepals, ami in the size and 

 color of the flowers, which are deep or pale violet-l)lue or purple, sometimes 

 white or variegated with white. 



4. V. sagitt^ta, Ait. (Arrow-leaved V.) Sraoothish or hairy ; leaves 

 on short and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, varying 

 from oblong-heart-shaped to halberd-shai)ed, arrow-shaped, oblong-lanceolate 

 or ovate, denticulate, sometimes cut-toothed near the base, the lateral or occa- 

 sionally all the (rather large purple-blue) petals bearded; spur short and 

 thick; stigma beaked. — Dry or moist sandy places, New Eng. to Minn., and 

 southward. Some forms pass into the last. 



++ ++ Rootstocks long and filiform, extensively creeping. 

 = Flowers blue or purple. 



5. V. Selkirk!!, Pursh. (Great-spurred Y.) Small and delicate ; 

 the filiform rootstock fil)rose-rooted, no runners above ground ; smooth, ex- 

 cept the round-heart-shaped crenate leaves, which are minutely hairy on the 

 upper surface and have a deep narrowed sinus ; spur very large, thickened at 

 the end, almost as long as the beardless pale violet petals. — Damp and shady 

 soil, N. Maine to W. Mass., central N. Y., L. Superior (Rohbin.'^), and north- 

 ward ; rare. — Scapes and petioles 1 - 2', the leaf ^ - 1 5' long, thin ; the spur 3" 

 long. (i:u.) 



6. V. palustr!s, L. (Marsh Y.) Smootli; loaves mund-lieart-shaped 

 and kidney-form, slightly crenate; flowers (small) i)ale lilac with purple 

 streaks, nearly beardless ; spur very sho7-t and obtuse. — Alpine summits of 

 tlie White Mountains, N. 11., and high northward. June. (Ku.) 



Y. odorXta, L. (Sweet Yiolet), cultivated in gardens, from Europe, 

 belongs near this group, and is sparingly spontaneous in some places. 

 = = Floiccrs white {small, short -spurred), mostly with brown-purple veins ; lateral 

 petals bearded or beardless. Species apparently confluent. 



7. V. bl^nda, Willd. (Sweet White Y.) Commonly glabrous ; leaves 

 Tound-heart-sliaped or kidney -form ; petals mostly beardless, the lower strongly 

 veined. — Damj) ])la(es, everywhere. Flowers faintly sweet-scented. 



Yar. palustr!f6rmis, Gray. The larger form ; upper surface of the 

 leaves sj)arscly and finely hairy ; petals 5" long, oftener bearded, less dis- 

 tinctly veined. — Shaded mossy ground, N. Eng. to Del., and westward. 



