80 VIOLACE^. (violet FAMILY.) 



Var. renifblia, Gray. Slightly or strongly pubescent with soft spread- 

 ing hairs; leaves round-reniform ; petals usually beardless. (V. renifolia, 

 Gray.) — Maine to Mass., western N. Y., Lake Superior, etc. 



8. V. primulsefolia, L. (Primrose-leaved V.) Smooth or a little 

 pubescent ; leaves oblong or ovate, abrupt or somewhat heart-shaped at the 

 base ; petals often acute, the lateral ones usually sparingly bearded. — Damp 

 or dry soil, X. Eug. to Fla., toward the coast, 



9. V. lanceolata, L. (Lance-leaved Violet.) Smooth ; leaves lan- 

 ceolate, erect, blunt, tapering into a long-margined petiole, almost entire; 

 petals beardless. — Damp soil ; common, especially eastward. 



^ = == Flowers yelloLO. 



10. V. rotundifolia, Michx. (Round-leaved Violet.) Leaves round- 

 ovate, heart-shaped, sliglitly crenate ; lateral petals bearded and marked with 

 brown lines ; spur very short, — Cold woods, Maine to Minn., and south along 

 the Alleghanies. — Smoothlsh; leaves V broad at flowering, increasing to 3 

 or 4' in the summer, then lying flat on the ground, shining above. 



* * Leafy-stemmed ; all perennial with short rootstocks. 

 -t- Low, at Jirst nearly stemless ; flowers yellow ; stigma concave, bearded. 



1 1 . V. Nuttallii, Fursh. Pubescent or nearl}' glabrous ; leaves ovate to 

 oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly crenate, decurrent on the petiole. 

 — Central Kansas and westward. 



H- •»- Stems erect, without root-leaves ,■ stipules entire ; spur very short ; stigma 



heakless, pubescent. 



++ Stems naked beloio ; flowers yellow. 



12. V. pubescens, Ait. (Downy Yellow V.) Softly pubescent (6- 

 12' high) ; leaves very broadly heart-shaped, toothed, somewhat pointed; stip- 

 ules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large ; lower petals veined with purple, capsule 

 oblong to globular, glabrous or tomentose. — Woods , common. — Var. sca- 

 BRirscuLA, Torr. & Gray, smaller and greener, slightly pubescent (4-10' 

 high). — R, I. to Ky., and southwestward. 



13. V. hastata, Michx. (Halberd-leaved V.) 2vearly glabrous, slen- 

 der (4-10' high) ; stem-leaves halberd-shaped or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly 

 serrate, acute ; stipules ovate, small. — AVoods, N. Ohio (near Painesville, 

 Miss Shattiick), mountains of Peun., and southward ; rare. 



•<-»• ••-*• Stems more leafy and prolonged ; flov:ers white or purplish 



14. V. Canadensis, L. (Canada V.) Upright (1-2^ high); leaves 

 heart-shaped, pointed, serrate ; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire ; petals white or 

 whitish inside, the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral 

 bearded. — Rich woods ; common northward and along the Alleghanies. 

 May - Aug. 



•t- -t- -t- Steins erect or spreading (at flrst nearly acaulescent) : stipules fringe- 

 toothed ; spur oblong to cylindrical; stigma naked. 



15. V. striata, Ait. (Pale V.) Stems angular, ascending (6-10' high); 

 leaves heart-shaped, finely serrate, often acute; stipules oblong-lanceolate, 

 large ; spur thickish, much shorter than the cream-colored or white petals, the 



