212 UMBELLIFER^. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 



* * Tall and often stout; leaves thick, not parallel-veined. 



2. E. Virginianum, Lam. Slender (1-3° high); radical and lower 

 stem-leaves linear- to ohlong-lanceolate, on long (sometimes 1° long) Jistidous 

 petioles, entire or with small hooked teeth ; upper leaves sessile, spiny-toothed 

 or laciniate ; heads ovate-oblong (6" long), with spiny-toothed or entire reflexed 

 bracts, and bractlets with 3 spiny cusps (the middle one largest). — Margins of 

 ponds and streams, N. J. to Fla. and Tex., near the coast. Aug., Sept. 



3. E. Leavenworthii, Torr. & Gray. Stout (1-3° high) ; lowest stem- 

 leaves broadly oblanceolate, spinosely toothed, the rest sessile and deeply 

 palmatehj -parted into narrow incisely-pinnatijid spreading pungent segments ; 

 heads ovate-oblong (1-1^' long), with pinnatifid spinose bracts and 3-7-cus- 

 pidate bractlets, the terminal ones very prominent and resembling the bracts. 



— Dry soil, E. Kan., Ark., and Tex. 



* * * Prostrate and slender, rooting at the joints, diffusely branched, with small 

 thin unarmed leaves and very small heads. 



4. E. prostratum, Nutt. Lower leaves oblong, entire, few-toothed, or 

 lobed at base ; upper leaves smaller, clustered at the rooting joints, ovate, few- 

 toothed or entire (occasionally some additional trifid ones) ; reflexed bracts 

 longer than the oblong heads (2 - 4" long). — Wet places, S. Mo. to Fla. and Tex. 



36. SAN I CU LA, Tourn. Samcle. Black Snakeroot. 



Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Fruit globular ; the carpels not separating 

 spontaneously, ribless, thickly clothed with hooked prickles, each with 5 oil- 

 tubes. — Perennial rather tall glabrous herbs, with few palmately-lobed or 

 parted leaves, those from the root long-petioled. Umbels irregular or com« 

 pound, the flowers (greenish or yellowish) capitate in tlie umbellets, perfect, 

 and with staminate ones intermixed. Involucre and involucels few-leaved. 

 (Name said to be from sano, to heal; or perhaps from San Nicolas ) 



1. S. Marylandica, L. Stem l-3° high; leaves 3-7-parted, the di- 

 visions mostly sharply cut and serrate ; sterile flowers numerous and long-pedi- 

 celled ; fruit 1^-2" long, the styles longer than tlie prickles. — Throughout our 

 range, south to Ga. and Tenn., west to E. Kan. and Minn. May -Aug. 



Var. Canadensis, Torr., has comparatively few and short-pedicelled 

 sterile flowers, and styles shorter than the prickles. (S. Canadensis, L ) — 

 With the last, but westward only to Minn, and E. Kan. 



Order 49. ARALIACE^. (Ginseng Family ) 



Herbs, shridjs, or trees, with much the same characters as Umbelliferae, 

 hut with usually more than 2 stijles, and the fruit a feio - several-celled drupe. 



— Albumen mostly fleshy. Petals not inflexed. 



1. A HAL I A, Tourn, Ginseng. Wild Sarsaparilla. 



Flowers more or less polygamous. Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary, the 

 teeth very short or almost obsolete. Petals 5. epigynous, oblong or obovate, 

 lightly imbricated in the bud, deciduous. Stamens 5, epigynous, alternate 

 with the petals. Styles 2-5, mostly distinct and slender, or in the sterile 



