224 RUBiACE^. (madder family.) 



less rosulate, not ciliate. — Rocky or graA'elly ground, Maine to Minn., south 

 to Ga. and Mo. ; also northward. 



Var. tenuifolia, Gray. Slender, lax, diffuse, 6-12' high, Avith loose in- 

 florescence, and almost filiform branches and peduncles; cauline leaves all 

 linear, hardly over 1" Avide. — S. E. Ohio to Va., N. C, and Tenn. 



Var. calyc6sa, Gray. Almost 1° high; leaves broadly lanceolate, tliick- 

 ish; calyx-lobes elongated (2-4" long), much surpassing the pod. — From 

 111. {Hall) to Ark. and N. Ala. 



6. H. angustifolia, Michx. Stems tufted from a hard or woody root ; 

 leaves narrowh) linear, acute, 1-ribbed, many of them fascicled ; flowers crowded, 

 short-pedicelled ; lobes of tlie corolla densely bearded inside ; pod ohovoid, acute 

 at base,onli/ its summit free, opening first across the top, at length through the 

 partition. — Barrens, 111. to Kan., south to Tex., Tenn., and Fla. 



2. OLDENLANDIA, Plumier. 



Calyx 4-lobed, persistent. Corolla short, in our species wheel-shaped ; the 

 limb 4-parted, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4 ; anthers short. Style 1 or none ; 

 stigmas 2. Pod thin, 2-celled, many-seeded, opening loculicidally across the 

 summit. Seeds very numerous, minute and angular. — Low herbs, Avith small 

 stipules united to the petioles. (Dedicated to the memory of Oldenland, a 

 German physician and botanist, Avho died early at the Cape of Good Hope.) 



1. O. glomerata, Michx. An inconspicuous, pubescent or smoothish, 

 branched and spreading annual (2 - 12' high) ; leaves ovate to oblong; floAvers 

 in sessile axillary clusters; corolla nearly Avheel-shaped (Avhite), much shorter 

 than the calyx. — Wet places, near the coast, N. Y. to Fla. and Tex. 



3. CEPHALANTHUS, L. Button-bush. 



Calyx-tube inversely pyramidal, the limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, 4- 

 toothed; the teeth imbricated in the bud. Style thread-form, much protruded. 

 Stigma capitate. Fruit dry and hard, small, inversely pyramidal, 2-4-celled, 

 at length splitting from the base upAAard into 2-4 closed 1-seeded portions. — 

 Shrubs, Avith the Avliite floAvers densely aggregated in splierical peduncled heads, 

 (Name composed of KccpaX-fi, a head, and ai/Oos, ajloicer.) 



1. C. OCCidentaliS, L. Smooth or pubescent ; leaves petioled, OAate or 

 lanceolate-oblong, pointed, opposite or whorled in threes, Avith short iuterA'ening 

 stipules. — Swamps and along streams, througliout the continent. July, Aug 



4. MITCHELL A, L. Fartridge-berry. 

 FloAvers in pairs, Avith their ovaries united. Calyx 4-toothed. Corolla fun- 

 nel-form, 4-lobed ; the lobes spreading, densely bearded inside, valvate in the 

 bud. Stamens 4. Style 1 ; stigmas 4, linear. Fruit a berry-like double drupe, 

 croAvned Avith the calyx-teeth of the tAvo flowers, with 4 small seed-like bony 

 nutlets to each floAver. — A smooth and trailing small CA^ergreen herb, Avith 

 round-ovate and shining petioled leaves, minute stipules, AA'hite fragrant floAV- 

 ers often tinged Avith purple, and scarlet edible (but nearly tasteless) ber- 

 ries, Avhich remain over Avinter. FloAvers occasionally 3-6-merous, ahvays 

 dimorphous ; all those of some individuals having exserted stamens and in- 

 cluded stigmas; of others, included stamens and exserted style. (This very 



