KUBIACE.K. (maDDKU 1 AMILY.) 227 



loosely many-flowered, the purple flowers on slender spreading pedicels ; fruit 

 smooth, rather fleshy. — Dry woods, mountains of Penn. to N. C. and Tenn. 



7. G. Arkans^num, Gray. Similiir hut lower; loaves lanceolate to 

 linear (T lung or less), the lateral nerves ohscure or uonc. — 8. Mo. and Ark. 



H- -4- Leaves narrow ; /lowers bright ichile, numerous in a comjiurt panicle. 



8. G. boreale, L- (Xokthkun Bedstraw.) Smooth (1-2° high); 

 leaves linear-lanceolate; fruit minutely hri.stly, sometimes smooth. — Rorkv 

 hanks of streams, Maine to Penn., Iowa, Minn., and westward. (Eu , Asia.) 



* * Leaves in 4's, 5*5, or 6's, small, \-nerved ; flowers white ; fruit smooth 



(flowers greenish and fruit hispid in n. 12.) 



H- T^eaves pointless. 



9. G. trifidum, L. (Small Bedstkaw.) Stems weak, ascending (.5 - 

 20' high), braiieliiug, mostly roughened backwards on the angles; leaves in 

 ivhorls of 4 to 6, linear or ohlanceolate, the margins and midrib rough ; peduncles 

 scattered, 1 - 7 flowered ; corolla-lobes and stamens often only 3. — Spliagnous 

 bogs and wet ground, throughout the continent. Exceedingly variable. — Var. 

 pusfLLUM, Gray, the smallest form; leaves only in 4's, 3-4" long, narrow, in 

 age often reflexed ; peduncles 1-flowered. In cold bogs, northward. — Var. 

 LATir6LiL'M, Torr., the larger and broadest-leaved form ; leaves 6 or 7" long, 

 often 2" wide. From Canada, south and west. (Eu., Asia.) 



10. G. COncinnum, Torr. & Gray. Stems low and slender (6-12' high), 

 with minutely roughened angles; leaves all in 6's, linear, slightli/ pointed, vein- 

 less, the margins upwardly roughened; peduncles 2-3 times forked, difluseli/ pan- 

 icled ; pedicels short. — Dry hills, Penn. to Va., west to Minn., Iowa, and Ark. 



•1- H- Leaves cuspidateli/ mucronate or acuminate. 



11. G. asprellum, Michx. (Roigii Bedstraw.) .S/e/w much branclied, 

 rough backivards with hooked prickles, leaning on bushes (3-5° high) ; leaves 

 in whorls of 6, or 4 - 5 on the branchlets, oval-lanceolate, with almost prickly mar- 

 gins and midrib; peduncles short, 2-3 times forked. — Alluvial ground, N. 

 Eng. to N. C, west to Minn., Iowa, and Mo. 



12. G. triflorum, Miclix. (Sweet-scented Bedstraw.) Stem (1-3° 

 long) bri.stly-roughcned backward on the angles ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, 

 bristle-pointed, with slightly rougliened margins (1-2' long); peduncles 3- 

 flowered, the flowers all pedicelled, greenish; fruit be.set with luM»ked bristles. 

 — Kich woodlands, throughout the continent. Sweet-scented in drying. (Eu.) 



§ 3. Perennial ; fruit a berri/ : leaves in 4V, X-nerved. 



13. G. hispidulum, Midix. Hirsute-])ube.scent, scabrous, or sometimes 

 nearly smooth, 1 -2° high, diffusely l)ranched ; leaves oblong or oval, mucn^- 

 nate (3-G" long) , pedicels solitary or commonly 2 or 3 from the small invo- 

 lucral whorl, all naked, or one of them bractccdate ; flowers white ; berry purjile. 

 glabrate. — Dry or sandy soil, southern N. J. to Ela., along the coast. 



8. SHERARDIA, Dill. 



Calyx-lobes lanceolate. jxTsistcnt. ('(nulla fimn(d-forni, the limb 4 - ."i-lobed. 

 Stamens 4-.'). Style filiform, 2-cl('ft ; stigmas capitate. Fruit dry. twin, of 2 

 indehiscent l-seeded car])els. — A slender pr«Huml)ent herb, with .scjuare .stems, 



