COMPOSIT.E. (coMi»usrri: family.) 235 



Tribe IX. CYNAROIDE^. Flowers all tubular and iK;ifect (the outer ray-like and 



neutral iii n. 8J). Invohurre mucli imbricated. Anthers caudate, long-appen.laged 

 at tip. Styl.-brancliLS short or united, obtuse, unaj>i.t;ndagi'.d, smooth, with often a 

 pubescent ring below. Pappus mostly bristly. — Leaves altermate. 

 • Achenes attached by tlic base. Flowers all alike, 

 t- Leaves not prickly. Style-branches partly distinct Filaments glabrous. 



78. Arctium. In volucral scales hooked at the tip. Pappus of short rough bristles. 



■t- - Loaves prickly. Style-branches coherent, usually a pubescent ring below. 



79. Cnlcus. Pappus-bristles jdumose. Receptacle densely bristly. 



SU. Carduus. Pappus-bristles not plumose. Receptacle densely bristly. 



81. Onopordon. Pappu.s-V)ristles nut pliiino.se. Receptacle deeply honeycorabed. 



• • Achenes attached obliquely, ftrarginal flowers often enlarged and ray-like. 



82. Centaurea. luvolucral scales appendaged. Pappus double and biistly, or very short 



Skuies ir. LIGULIFLOK^. Tribe X. CICHORIACEy'E. 



Corolla ligulate in all the flowers of the head, and all the flowers per- 

 fect. — Herbs, with milky juice. Leaves alternate. 



* Pappus none. 



83. L.aiupsana. Involucre cylindrical, of 8 scales in a single row, 8-12-flowered. 



* * Pappus chaffy, or of both chaff and bristles. 



84. Kriffia. Involucre simple, not calyculate. Pappus of both chaff and bristles. 



85. Cichoriuiii. Involucre double. Pappus a small crown of many bristle-form scales. 



* * ♦ Pappus plumose. 



86. Traffopogron. Involucre simple, not calyculate. Achenes long-beaked. Stems leafy 



87. Leontodon. Involucre calyculate. Achenes fusiform. Leaves radical. 



88. Pieris. Out«r involucral scales spreading. Achenes terete. Stems leafy. 



* * * * Pappus composed entirely of capillary bristles, not plumose. 



•♦- Achenes not flattened, columnar or terete, often slender. 



♦♦ Achenes not beaked. 



= Flowers yellow or orange. 



89. Ilieracium. Involucre imbricated. Pappus tawny. Pilose jterennials. 



90. Crepis. Involucral scales in one row. Pappus white, soft Not pilose. 



= = Flowers white or cream-color or pinki.sh. Involucre calyculate. 



01. Prenanthes. Achenes short, blunt. Pappus tawny or brown. Stems leafy and heads 

 often nodding. 



92. Lygodesmia. Achenes long, tapering. Pappus white. Stems nearly leafless ; heails 



erect Western. 



++ *♦ Achenes beaked (sometimes beakless in n. 93). Flowers yellow. 



93. Troxiiiion. Scapose. Involucre loosely imbricated. Achenes 10-ribl)ed. 



94. Taraxacum. Scapose. Involucre calyculate. Achenes 4- 5-ribl>e<l. 



9j. Pyrrliopappus. Scapose or branched. Pappus reddish, tlie base surrounded by a 



soft villous ring. 

 90. Chondrilla. Stem branching, leafy. Involucre few-flowered, calyculate. Pappus 

 white. 



•*- •»- Achenes flat or flattish. Pai)pus white, fine and soft. Involucre imbricated. Leafy- 

 stenwned, with panicled hea<ls. 



97. L.actuca. Achenes more or less beaked. Flowers yellow or purplish. 



98. Sonchus. Achenes flattish, not at all beaked. Flowers yellow. 



