COMPOSITE. (COMl'USITi: FAMILY.) 23 



! 



« 3. Pappus a circle of chafly scales, dissected into bristles . . C5 

 • 4. Papjms a circle of Ihiii cliaffy scales or short chaffy bristles. 



Heads several-flowered. Recejitacle chafly 00 



Heads 8-10-flo\vered. Rccepta<le naked 18 



Heads inauy-flowered. Rcccj)tacle deejily boueyconibed 5S 



Heads many-flowered. llecepUicle naked Cl2, C3 



Heads many-flowered. Recei>tacle chafly 04 



• 5. Pappus none, or a cup or crown, or of 2 or 3 awns, teeth, or chafl'y scales corresjiunding 

 with the edges or angles of the achene, ofteu witli intervening niiuuLe bjistles or scales. 



H- Receptacle naked. 

 Achene flat, wing-margined. Pajtpus of separate little bristles and usually 2 •• 4 awns . 22 



Acliene flat, marginless. Pai)pus none. Receptacle conical 19 



Achene terete or angled. Pappus none. Receptacle flattish 09 



Achene angled. Pappus a little cup or crown (or none). Receptacle conical . . 20, GS 

 Achene fusiform. Pappus of few scales, usually with alLcmatiug awns . . . .21 



••- ••- Receptacle chaffy. 

 Rays ueutral (rarely pistillate but sterile) ; the disk-flowers perfect and fertile. 

 Receptacle mostly elevated (varying from convex to columnar), and 

 Chaffy only at the summit; tiie chatt' deciduous. Pappus uone .... 06 

 Chaffy throughout. Achene flattened laterally if at all . . .48, 49, 50, 52 ,54 

 Receptacle flat or flattish. Achene flattened parallel with the scales or chafl' . 55, 50 



Receptacle flat. Achene terete, 2-awned 57 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. 



Achene much flattened laterally, 1 -2-awned 53 



Achene flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus uone .... 67 

 Achene 3-4-angular, terete or laterally flattish, awnless. 



Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected 66 



Receptacle conical. Leaves opposite, simi)le. 



Achene nbovoid. Involucre a leafy cup 45 



Achene 4-aJigular. Involucre of separate scales 47 



Receptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple 46, 51 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers staniinate and sterile (pistil imperfect). 



Receptacle chafly 36-41 



1. ELEPHANTOPUS, L. ElephantVfoot. 



Heads discoid, 2-5-flowered, several together clustered into a coinpound 

 ])eduiu'ulate liead ; flowers perfect. Involucre narrow, flattened, of 8 ol»k»ng 

 dry scales. Achenes lO-ribbed; pappus of stout bristles, chaffy-dilated at the 

 base. — Perennials, with alternate leaves and purplish flowers. (Name com- 

 posed of eA€0os, elephant, and Ttovs,foot.) 



* Stem leafij; upper leaves very like the basal. 



1. E. Carolini^nus, Willd. Somewhat hairy, corymbose, leafy ; leaves 

 ovate-obluiig, thin. — Dry soil, I'enn. to 111. and Kan., and soutiiward. 



* * Stem scape-like, with a few bract-like leaves or naked. 



2. E. tomentoSUS, L. Somewlmt hairy ; basal leaves obov.-ite to nar- 

 rowly spatulatc, silky and ])rominently veined bcneatlj ; heads large ; pappus- 

 scales attenuate. — Va., Ky., and southward. 



3. E. nud^tUS, Gray. Strigose-puberulent ; basal leaves thin, green, 

 spatulate-obovate or oblanceolate, not ])rominently veined beneath ; heads 

 smaller; paj)]nis .scales broadly deltuid. — Del. and southward. 



