282 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



§ 1. Style-tips trancate or nearli/ so; outer involucre small and short; rays rose- 

 color or i/ellow with brown base; pappus an obscure border or none. 



1. C. rosea, Nutt. Perennial; stem branching, leafy, smooth (6-20' 

 high) ; leaves linear, entire ; heads small, somewhat corymbed, on short pe- 

 duncles ; rays rose-color, 3-toothed ; achenes oblong, wingless. — Sandy grassy 

 swamps, Plymouth, Mass., to N. J., and southward ; rare. Aug. 



2. C. cardaminefolia, Torr. & Gray. Annual, 6' -2° high; leaves 

 1 -2-pinuately divided, the lobes oval to lanceolate or above linear ; rays yel- 

 low with brown-purple base ; achenes short, smooth or papillose, winged. — 

 Kan. to La. and Tex. 



3. C tinetoria, Nutt. Annual, glabrous, 2-3° high; leaves 1-2-piu- 

 nately divided, the lobes lanceolate to linear ; achenes oblong, wingless ; rays 

 yellow with more or less of crimson-brown. — Minn, to Tex., etc. ; common 

 in cultivation. 



§2. Style-tips abruptly cuspidate, hispid; involucres nearly equal; achenes 

 roundish, loinged, incurved, often papillose and with a callus inside at base 

 and apex ; pappus 2 small teeth or none ; ray mostly yellow and palmately 

 lobed ; perennials, with long -pedunculate heads ; lower leaves petiolate. 



4. C. lanceolata, L. Smooth or hairy (1-2° high), tufted, branched 

 only at the base ; leaves all entire (the lower rarely with a i)air of small lat- 

 eral lobes), lanceolate, the lowest oblanceolate or spatulate ; outer scales ovate- 

 lanceolate. — Rich or damp soil, Mich, and 111. to Va., and southward. July. 

 Also cultivated in gardens. Heads showy; rays 1' long. — Var. angusti- 

 f6lia, Torr. & Gray, is a low form with crowded narrow leaves and elongated 

 peduncles. — Var. vill6sa, Michx., is hirsute below, tlie leaves rather broad. 



5. C. grandiflbra, Nutt. Mostly glabrous ; lower leaves lanceolate and 

 spatulate, entire, the upper 3 - 5-parted with lanceolate to linear and sometimes 

 2-3-parted lobes ; heads as in the last or larger. — S. Mo. to Tex. and Ga. 



6. C. pubescens, Ell. More leafy, 1-4° high, pubescent or nearly 

 glabrous ; leaves thickish, oblong or the lower oval-obovate and the upper 

 oblong-lanceolate, entire or with 2-4 small lateral lobes; heads usually 

 smaller. — Va. to S. 111., Mo., and southward. 



7. C. auriculata, Linn. Pubescent or glabrous; stems 1-4° high, 

 branching, sometimes with runners ; leaves mostly petioled, the upper oblong 

 or oval-lanceolate, entire ; the lower oval or roundish, some of them variously 

 3-5-lobed or divided; outer scales oblong-linear or lanceolate ; achenes nar- 

 rowly winged and strongly involute. — Rich woods and banks, Va. to 111., and 

 southward. June -Sept. 



§3. Style-tips cuspidate; achenes oblong, nearly straight, without callus, the 



icing narrow or none ; rays yellow, mostly entire or slightly toothed. 



* Outer scales narroiv, about the length of the inner, all more or less united at 



base ; rays mostly entire, acute ; pappus 2-toothed or none ; leaves opposite, 



sessile, mostly 3-divided, appearing as if ivhorled ; jyerennial, 1-3° high. 



•*- Leaves 3-cleft, but not to the base. 



8. C. palmata, Nutt. Nearly smooth, simple; leaves broadly wedge- 

 shaped, rigid ; the lobes broadly linear, entire, or the middle one 3-lobed. — 

 Prairies, Mich, to Minn., and southwestward. July. 



