288 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



64. GAILLARDIA, Foug. 



Heads many-flowered ; rays 3-cleft or -toothed, neutral or sometimes fertile, 

 or none. Involucral scales in 2 - 3 rows, the outer larger, loose and foliaceous. 

 Receptacle convex to globose, beset with bristle-like or subulate or short and 

 soft chaff. Achenes top-shaped, 5-costate, villous ; pappus of 5-10 long thin 

 scales, awn-tipped by the excurrent nerve. — Erect herbs with alternate leaves 

 and large showy heads of yellow or purplish fragrant flowers on terminal or 

 scapiform peduncles. (Named after Gaillard de Merentonneau.) 



1 . G. simplex, Scheele. Annual ; leaves all radical, usually spatulate, 

 pinnatifid to entire ; head globose on a naked scape, usually rayless. — S. Kan. 

 to Tex. 



2. G. lanceolata, Michx. Annual, leafy -stemmed, branched, 1-2° high, 

 finely pubescent ; leaves oblanceolate to linear, mostly entire ; rays rather few 

 or none ; chaff very short or obsolete. — S. Kan. to Tex. and Fla. 



3. G. aristata, Pursh. Perennial, hirsute, often 2° high ; leaves lanceo- 

 late to oblanceolate, broad or narrow, entire to coarsely pinnatifid ; rays usu- 

 ally numerous and long ; chaff bristly or subulate. — Dak., west and southward. 



65. DYSODIA, Cav. Fetid Marigold. 



Heads many-flowered, usually radiate ; rays pistillate. Involucxe of one row 

 of scales united into a firm cup, at the base some loose bractlets. Receptacle 

 flat, not chaffy, but beset with short chaffy bristles. Achenes slender, 4-angled ; 

 pappus a row of chaffy scales dissected into numerous rough bristles. — Herbs, 

 mostly annuals or biennials, dotted Avith large pellucid glands, which give a 

 strong odor (as in Tagetes, the French Marigold of the gardens, which 

 belongs to the same group) ; heads terminating the branches ; flowers yellow. 

 (Name SvcwS/a, an ill smell, which the plants exemplify.) 



1 . D. chrysanthemoides, Lag. Nearly smooth, diffusely branched (6 - 

 18' high) ; leaves opposite, pinnately parted, the narrow lobes bristly-toothed 

 or cut ; rays few, scarcely exceeding the involucre. — Roadsides, and banks of 

 rivers, Minn, to 111., Tenu.. and southwestward. Aug. -Oct. 



66. ANT HE MIS, L. Chamomile. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; rays pistillate or (in n. 1) neutral. Involucre 

 hemispherical, of many small imbricated dry and scarious scales shorter than 

 the disk. Receptacle"^ conical, with slender chaff at least near the summit. 

 Achenes terete or ribbed, glabrous, truncate ; pappus none or a minute crown. 



— Branching strong-scented herbs, with finely pinnately dissected leaves and 

 solitary terminal heads ; rays white; disk yellow ('Aj/^eyuis, the ancient Greek 

 name of the Chamomile.) 



A. Cotula, DC. (May-wked.) Annual, acrid; rays mostly neutral; 

 receptacle without chaff near the margin ; pappus none ; leaves finely 3-pin- 

 nately dissected. (Maruta Cotula, X'C) — Common by roadsides. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 



A. arvexsis, L. (Corn Chamomile.) Pubescent annual or biennial, 

 resembling Mav-weed, but not ill-scented; leaves less finely 1 - 2-pinnately 

 parted , cliaff of the receptacle lanceolate, pointed ; pappus a minute border. 



— Waste places ; rare. (Adv. from Eu.) 



A. NOBiLis, L. (Garden Chamomile.) More downy and perennial, 

 pleasantly strong-scented; sterile shoots depressed or creeping; leaves very 



