294 COMPOSITE, (composite family.) 



7. S. lugens, Richards. Like the last ; leaves usually repand- or callous- 

 denticulate ; heads usually smaller, with mostly black-tipped scales. — Subarc. 

 Amer. to New Mex., in the mountains ; reported from Minn, and X. Iowa. 



* * * Root perennial ; heads large and often solitary. 



8. S. Pseudo-Arnica, Less. Loosely white-woolly, sometimes becom- 

 ing glabrous ; stem stout, 6-12' high, leafy to the top ; leaves oblong, repand, 

 tapering into a narrow petiole-like base ; heads 1-4, over an inch in diameter ; 

 ravs 20 or more, large. — Grand Manan Island, off Maine {Prof. Verrill), to 

 Lab., and northward. 



76. C AC ALIA, L. Ikdiax Plaxtaix. 



Heads .5 - many-flowered ; the floAvers all tubular and perfect. Involucral 

 scales in a single row, erect-connivent, with a few bractlets at the base. Recep- 

 tacle naked. Corolla deeply 5-cleft. Achenes oblong, smooth; pappus of 

 numerous soft capillary bristles. — Smooth and tall perennial herbs, with alter- 

 nate often petioled leaves, and rather large heads, in flat corymbs. Flowers 

 white or whitish. (An ancient name, of uncertain meaning.) 



* Involucre 25-30-floice7-ed, ivith several bracts at its base; receptacle fat. 



1. C. Suavdolens, L. Stem grooved (-3-5° high); leaves trianfjular- 

 lanceolate, halherd-i>haped, pointed, serrate, those of the stem on winged pet- 

 ioles. — Rich woods. Conn, to Mich., Iowa, and southward ; rare. Sept. 



* * Involucre 5-leaved and 5fou-ered,its bracts minute or none ; receptacle bear- 

 ing a more or less evident scale-like pointed appendage in the centre. 



2. C. reniformis, ^luhl. (Great Ixdiax Flaxtaix.) Not glaucous ; 

 stem (4-9° high) grooveci and angled; leaves green both sides, dilated fan- 

 shaped, or the lowest kidnei/form (1-2° broad), repand -toothed and angled, 

 palmately veined, petioled ; the teeth pointed; corymbs large. — Rich damp 

 woods, N. J. to 111., Minn., and southward along the mountains. Aug. 



3. C. atriplicifolia, L. (Pale Ixdiax F.) Glaucous; stem terete 

 (3-6° high) ; leaves palmatehj veined and angulatelobed , the lower triangular- 

 kidney-form or slightly heart-shaped, the upper rhomboid or wedge-form, ^oo^Aerf. 

 — Rich woodlands, western N. Y. to Wise, Minn., and southward. Aug. 



4. C. tuberosa, Nutt. (Tuberous Ixdiax P.) Stem angled and grooved 

 (2-6° higli), from a thick or tuberous root; leaves green both sides, thick, 

 strongly 5-7-nerved ; the lower lance-ovate or oval, nearly entire, tapering into 

 long petioles ; the upper on short margined petioles, sometimes toothed at the 

 apex. — Wet prairies, etc., Ohio to Wise, Minn., and southward. June. 



77. ERECHTITES, Raf. Fireweed. 



Heads many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and fertile; the marginal pis- 

 tillate, with a slender corolla. Scales of the cylindrical involucre in a single 

 row, linear, acute, with a few small bractlets at the base. Receptacle naked. 

 Achenes oblong, tapering at the end ; pappus copious, of very fine and white 

 soft hairs. — Erect and coarse annuals, of rank smell, with alternate simple 

 leaves, and paniculate-corymbed heads of whitish flowers. (The ancient name 

 of some species of Groundsel, probably called after Erechtheus.) 



