LOBELIACE.E. (LOUELIA FAMILY.) 305 



8. L. leuCOphaea, Gray. Nearly smooth biennial; stem tall (3-12° 

 high), very leafy ; leaves irregularly pinnatitid, sometimes runeinate, coarsely 

 toothed, the upper cauline set^sile and aurieulate, sometimes chisping ; heads 

 in a large and dense compound panicle; flowers l)luish to cream-color; achenc 

 short-beaked; pappus tawny. (Mulgedium, DC.) — Low grounds; rather 

 common. — Var. inti;(;i{Ii6lia, Gray. Leaves undivided, or the lower sinu- 

 ate-pinnatifid. Ohio to 111. 



98. SONCHUS, L. Sow-Thistle. 



Heads many-flowered, becoming tumid at base. Involucre more or less im- 

 bricated. Achenes obcompressed, ri!)bcd or striate, not beaked ; pappus copious, 

 of very white exceedingly soft and tine bristles mainly falling together. — Leafy- 

 stemmed coarse weeds, chiefly smootli and glaucous, with corymbed or umbel- 

 late heads of yellow flowers; produced in summer and autumn. (The ancient 

 Greek name.) 



* Annual (1-5° higli) ; Jloicers pale yellow. 



S. olekXceus, L. (Common Sow-Thistle.) Stem-leaves runcinate-pin- 

 natifid, or rarely undivided, slightly toothed with soft spiny teeth, clasping by 

 a heart-shaped base, the auricles acute ; involucre downy when young; achenes 

 striate, also wrinkled transversely. — Waste places in manured soil and around 

 dwellings. (Nat. from Eu.) 



S. Asi'EK, Vill. (Si'iNV-LEAVEi) S.) Stcm-leaves less divided and more 

 spiny-toothed, the auricles of the clasping base rounded, achenes margined, 

 3 -nerved on each side, smooth. — With and like the last. (Nat. from Eu) 



* * Perennial, ivith creeping rootstocks ; Jloivers brif/lit yellow, in large heads. 



S. ARVEXsis, L. (Field S.) Leaves ruucinate-pinuatifid, spiny-toothed, 

 clasping by a heart-shaped base ; peduncles and involucre bristly ; achenes 

 transversely wrinkled on the ribs. — Koadsides, etc., N. Eng. and N. Y. ; be- 

 coming more common. (Nat. from Eu.) 



Order 56. LOBELIACE^. (Lobelia Family.) 



Herbs icith acrid milky juice, alternate leaves, and scattered Jiowers, an 

 irregular monopetalous b-lohed corolla . the 5 stamens free from the corolla, 

 and united into a tube commonly by their Jilaments and always hy their 

 anthers. — Calyx-tube adherent to the many-seeded pod. Style 1 , stigma 

 often fringed. Seeds anatropou?, with a small straight embryo, in copious 

 albumen. — Nearly passing into the following order. 



L LOBELIA, L. 



Calyx 5-cleft, with a short tube. Corolla witli a straight tube, split down on 

 the (apparently) upper side, somewhat 2-lipped : the upper lip of 2 rather erect 

 lobes, the lower lip spreading and 3-cleft. Two of the anthers in our species 

 bearded at the top. Pod 2-celled, many-seeded, opening at the top. — Flowers 

 axillary or chiefly in bracted racemes, in summer and early autumn. (Dedi- 

 cated to Matthias De I'Dbel, an early Flemish herbalist.) 

 » Flowers deep red, large : stem simple. 



1. L. cardin^lis, L. (Cardinal-flower.) Tall (2- 4° high), smooth- 

 ish; leaves oblong-lanceolate, slightly toothed ; raceme elongated, rather 1 -sided; 

 the pedicels much shorter than the leaf-like bracts. — Low grounds, common. 



20 



