402 VERBENACE^. (VERVAIN FAMILY.) 



sessile, smooth above, the lobes cut and toothed ; spikes panicled ; flowers pur- 

 plish, very small. — Roadsides and old fields, N. «J. to Minn., south to Tex., 

 and westward. (Nat. from Eu.) 



1. V. urticaefolia, L. (White Y.) Perennial, from minutely pubes- 

 cent to almost glabrous, rather tall (3-5° high); leaves oval or oblung-ovate, 

 acute, coarsely serrate, petioled ; spikes at length much elongated, loosely pan- 

 icled; flowers very small, wJdte. — AYaste or open grounds. (Trop. Am.) 



* * Spikes thicker or densel ij flowered ; the fruits crowded, mostly overlapping 

 each other ; bracts inconspicuous, not exceeding the flowers ; perennial. 



2. V. angUStifolia, Michx. Low (6-18' high), often simple; leaves 

 narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the base, sessile, roughish, slightly toothed; 

 spikes few or single ; tlie purple flowers crowded, larger than in the next. — 

 Dry or sandy gronnd, Mass. to Minn., south to Ila. and Ark. 



3. V. hastata, L. (Blue Vervain.) Tall (4-6^ high); leaves lanceo- 

 late or oblong-lanreolate, taper-pointed, cut-serrate, petioled, the lower often lobed 

 and sometimes halberd-shaped at base ; spikes linear, erect, corymbed or pani- 

 cled ; flowers blue. — Waste grounds and roadsides ; common. 



4. V. Stricta, Vent. (Hoary V.) Downy with soft ivhitish hai7's, erect, 

 simple or branched (1-2° high); leaves sessile, obovate or oblong, serrate; 

 spikes thick, someAvhat clustered, hairy ; flowers rather large, purple. — Barrens 

 and prairies, Ohio to Dak., south to Tex. and N. Mex. 



* * * S])ikes thick, sessile and leafy-bracted ; annual. 



5. V. bracteosa, Michx. Widely spreading or procumbent, hairy ; leaves 

 wedge-lanceolate, cut-pinnatifid or 3-cleft, short-petioled ; spikes single, re- 

 motely flowered ; bracts large, the lower pinnatifid, longer than the small purple 

 flowers. — Prairies and waste grounds, Ohio to Minn., south and westward. 

 §2. Anthers of the longer stamens glandular-tipped ; flowers showy, from de- 

 pressed-capitate becoming spicate. 



6. V. bipinnatifida, Xutt. Hispid-hirsute, ^-\° high; leaves (l|-4' 

 long) bipinnately parted, or 3-parted into more or less bipinnatifid divisions, 

 the lobes commonly linear or broader; bj-acts mostly surpassing the calyx; 

 limb of bluish-purple or lilac corolla 4 - 5" broad. — Plains and prairies, Kan. 

 to Ark. and Tex., and westward. 



7. V. Aubl6tia, L. Slender, 1° high or less, soft-pubescent or glabrate ; 

 leaves (1 -2' long) ovate or ovate-oblong in outline, with a wedge-shaped base, in- 

 cisely lobed and toothed, often more deeply 3-cleft ; bi'acts shorter than or equal- 

 ling the calyx; limb of reddish-purple or lilac (rarely white) corolla 6-8" 

 broad. — Open woods and prairies, Ind. and 111. to Fla., Ark., and N. Mex. 



2. LIPPIA, lloust. 



Calyx short, often flattened, 2-4-toothed, or 2-lipped. Corolla 2 lipped ; 

 upper lip notched, the lower much larger, 3-lobed. Stamens included. Style 

 slender; stigma obliquely capitate. Fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded. (Dedicated to 

 Augustus Lippi, an Italian naturalist and traveller.) 



1. L. lanceolata, Michx. (Fog-fruit.) Creeping extensively, roughish, 

 green ; leaves ohlanceolate or wedge-spatulate, serrate above ; peduncles axillary, 

 slender, exceeding the leaves, bearing solitary closely bracted heads of bluish- 



