EUPHORBIACEiE. (SPUUCK FAMILY.) 451 



wliat cuspidate ; /rH/7 ovoid, larger (3-4" lon^), scflsilo or on short stout [K'tli- 

 cols. — W. Minn, to S. W. Kan., and westward. 



.3. C. livida, Rii-hardson. i^cdnndes sleiidor. nrillnrii, .1 - ^^fhrn-trrd, 

 shorter tliaii the oval leaves; calyx-tul)e not continuod l)ovoiid the ovarv, the 

 lohrs orate; style short; fruit pulpy when ripe, red. — Ncwf., N. V't., saudy 

 shores of L. Superior, and northward. 



2. PYRULARIA, Michx. Oil-nit. Hi fi am>-nit. 



Flowers dicccious or polyi^aiiioiis. Calyx 4-r)-cleft, the lohes recurved, 

 hairy-tufted at base in the male Howers. Stamens 4 or .'), on very short fila- 

 ments, alternate with as many rounded glands. Fertile flowers with a pear- 

 shaped ovary invested hy the adherent tuhe of the calyx, naked at tlie Hat 

 summit; disk with 5 glands; style short and thick; stigma capitate-flattened. 

 Fruit Heshy and drupe-like, pear shaped ; the globose endocarj) thin. Embryo 

 small ; albumen very oily. — Shrubs or trees, with alternate siiort-petioled and 

 deciduous leaves; the small greenish flowers in short and sinijjle spikes or 

 racemes. (Name a diminutive of Pi/rus, from the shape of the fruit.) 



1. P. pubera, Michx. Shrub straggling (.3-12° high), minutely downy 

 when young, at length nearly glabrous; leaves obovate-oblong, acute or 

 pointed at both ends, soft, very veiny, minutely pellucid-punctate; spike small 

 and few-flowered, terminal; calyx 5-cleft; fruit 1' long. (P. oleifera, (nai/.) 

 — Rich woods, mountains of Feun. to Ga. Whole plant, especially the fruit, 

 imbued with an acrid oil. 



Order 98. EUPHORBIACE.li:. (Spurge Family.) 



Plants usually tcith a milkij acrid juice^ and moncecious or dlijccious Jloir- 

 ers, mostly apetaloxis, sometimes achlamydeous (occasionally pal ypetalowt or 

 monopetalous) ; the ovary free and usually 3-celled, with a single or some- 

 times a pair of ovules hanr/ing froin the summit of each cell; stigmas or 

 branches of the style as many or twice as many as the cells : fruit commonly a 

 3-lobed capsule, the lohes or carpels separating elastically from a persistent 

 axis and elastically 2-valced ; seed anatropous ; embryo straight^ almost as 

 long as and the fat cotyledons mostly as wide as the fleshy or oily albumen. 

 Stipules often present. — A vast family in the warmer parts of the world ; 

 most numerously represented in northern countries hy the jrenus Ku- 

 phorbia, which has very reduced flowers within a calyx-like involucre. 



• Flowers all without culyx, included in a cup-sliaped calyx-like involucre, — the wiiole liable 

 to be mistaken for a single flower. 



1. Euphorbia. Involucre surrounding many staniinate flowers (each of a single naked 



stamen) and one pistillate flower (a 3-lol)ed pistil). 



• • Flowers with a calyx, without inv(»liicre. 

 ■»- Seeds and ovules 2 in each cell ; (lowers nionaH-ious. 



2. Pachysandra. Flowers in basal spikes. Calyx 4-partfl<L SStainens 4, distinct. 



3. Phyllantlius. Flowers axillarj'. Stamens 3, united. 



■^ -^ Seeds and ovules 1 in each cell. 

 a. Flowers ai>etalous, in cymosc panicles (•2-3-chotomous) , stamens 10, erect in the bud. 



4. Jatropha. Calyx corolla-like, the staminate salver-form ; armed with stinging hairs. 



