456 ?:uPHORBiACE^. (spurge family.) 



E. Heliosc6pia, L. Stems ascending (6-12' high), stout; leaves all oho- 

 vate and very rounded or retuse at the end,^ne/y serrate, smooth or a little 

 hairy, those of the stem wedge-shaped ; umbel divided into 5 rays, then into 3, 

 or at length simply forked ; glands orbicular, stalked ; pods smooth and even; 

 seeds with coarse honeijcoiiih-like reticulations. — Waste places, eastward and 

 along the Great Lakes to Mich. July -Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) 



-1- H- Leaves entire; glands crescent-shaped or 2-horned. 



•t-t- Seeds smooth and dark-colored ; perennials, with running rootstocks. 



E. EsuLA, L. Stems clustered (1° high) ; leaves lanceolate or linear, the 

 floral (vellowish) broadly heart-shaped, mucronate ; umbel divided into many 

 "rays, then fo/king ; glands short-horned (brown) ; pods smoothish and gran- 

 ular. — Mass., western N. Y., and Mich.; rare. (Adv. from Eu.) 



E. Cypakissias, L. Stems densely clustered (6-10' high); stem-leaves 

 linear, crowded, the floral heart-shaped; umbel many-rayed; glands crescent- 

 shaped; pods granular. — Escaped from gardens, common. (Nat. from Eu.) 



E. Nic.^^ENSis, All. Stout and tall glabrous perennial ; leaves oblong or 

 oblong-lanceolate, the floral broadly heart-shaped, mucronate ; terminal umbel 

 many-rayed, the rays forking; glands short-horned; pods Jinely wrinkled. — 

 A rare escape ; Binghampton, N. Y. (Adv. from Eu.) 



+-f ++ Seeds sculptured, ash-colored ; pod smooth; annucds or biennials. 



E. Peplus, L. Erect or ascending (5-10' high); leaves petioled, thin, 

 round-obovate, the upper floral ones ovate ; umbel 3-rayed, then forking ; 

 glands long-horned ; lobes of the pod 2-wing-crested on the back ; seeds 

 2-grooved on the inner face, pitted on the back (scarcely over |" long). — "Waste 

 places, N. Eng. to N. J. and western N. Y. (Adv. from Eu.) 



19. E. COmmutata, Engelm. Stems branched from a commonly de- 

 cumbent base (6-12' high) ; leaves obovate, obtuse; the upper all sessile, the 

 upper floral ones roundish-dilated, broader than long ; umbel 3-forked ; glands 

 Avith slender horns; capsule obtusely angled ; seeds ovate, pitted all over (V'' 

 long). — Along streams and shady slopes, Md. to Fla., Minn., and Mo. 

 * * * Glabrous annual or biennial with entire opposite and decussate leaves, an 

 umbelliform inflorescence, and short-horned glands. 



E. LAthyris, L. Stem stout (2-3° high) ; leaves thick, linear or oblong, 

 the floral oblong-ovate and heart-shaped; umbel 4-rayed, then forking. — 

 Sparingly escaped from gardens, N. Eng. to N. C. (Adv. from Eu.) 



2. PACHYSANDRA, Michx. 



Flowers monoecious, in naked spikes. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals none. 

 Ster. Fl. Stamens 4, separate ; filaments loug-exserted, thick and flat ; an- 

 thers oblong-linear. Fert. Fl. Ovary 3-celled ; styles 3, thick, awl-shaped, 

 recurved, stigmatic down their whole length inside. Ovules a pair in each 

 cell, suspended, with the rhaphe dorsal (turned away from the placenta). 

 Capsule deeply 3-horned, 3-celled, splitting into 3 at length 2-valved 2-seeded 

 carpels. — Nearly glabrous, low and procumbent perennial herbs, with matted 

 creeping rootstocks, and alternate, ovate or obovate, coarsely toothed leaves, 

 narrowed at base into a petiole. Flowers each 1 - 3-bracted, the upper stam- 

 inate, a few fertile ones at base, unpleasantly scented ; sepals greenish or 

 purplish ; filaments white (their size and thickness giving the name, from 

 TTixx^s, thick, and avT)p, used for stamen). 



1. P. procumbens, Michx. Stems (6-9' long) bearing several ap- 

 proximate leaves at the summit on slender petioles, and a few many-flowered 



