JUCiLANDACK-l-:. (WALNUT FAMILY.) 467 



thin albumen. — Large trees, with the hark deciduous in broad thin brittle 

 ])late8; dilated base o[ the petiole enclosing; the l)ud of the next season. (The 

 ancient name, from irAarvs, hnuid.) 



1. P. OCCidentillis, L. Leaves mostly truncate at base, anp;ularly sinu- 

 ate lobcd or toi»th((l, the sliort lobos sharp-pointed ; fertile heads solitary, 

 hanginf; on a long ])ednncle. — Alluvial banks, S. Maine to N. ^'t., Ont., S. E. 

 Minn., K. Kan., and southward. Our largest tree, often 90-1.30° liig^b ^'th 

 a trunk G-14° in diameter. 



Order lOL JUGLANDACEiE. (Walnut Family.) 



Trees, with alternate pinnate leaves, and no stipules ; Jlowers monoecious, 

 the sterile t/i catkins {aments) icith an irregular calyx adnate to the hract ; 

 the fertile solitary or in a small cluster or spike, with a regular 3 - b-lohed 

 calyx adherent to the incompletely 2-4-celled hut only l-ovuled ovary. 

 Fruit a kind of dry drupe, with a crustaceous or hony nut-shell, containing 

 a large 4-lobed ortholropous seed. Albumen none. Cotyledons fleshy and 

 oily, sinuous or corrugated, 2-lobed ; radicle short, superior. Petals some- 

 times present in the fertile flowers. — A small family of important trees, 

 consisting chiefly of the two following genera. 



1. JUGLANS, L. Walnut. 



Sterile flowers in long and simple lateral catkins from the wood of the pre- 

 ceding year; the calyx adherent to the entire bracts or scales, unequally 3-6- 

 cleft. Stamens 12-40; filaments free, very short. Fertile flowers .solitary 

 or several together on a peduncle at the end of the branches, with a 4-toothed 

 calyx, bearing 4 small petals at the sinuses. Styles 2, very short ; stigmas 2, 

 somewhat club-sliajjcd and fringed. Fruit with a fibrous-fleshy iudehi.scent 

 epicarp, and a mostly rough irregularly furrowed endocarp or nut-shell. — 

 Trees, with strong-scented or resinous aromatic bark, few-scaled or almost 

 naked l)uds (3 or 4 superposed, and the uppermost far above the axil), odd-pin- 

 nate leaves of many serrate leaflets, and tlie embryo sweet and edible. I'ith 

 in plates. (Name contracted from Jovis glans, the nut of Jupiter.) 



1. J. Cin^rea, L. (Butternut. White Walnut.) Leaflets 5-8 pairs, 

 oblong-lanceolate, pointed, rounded at base, downy, especially beneath, the 

 petioles and hranchlets down>/ with rlamyny hairs; fniit oblong, clammy, pointed, 

 the nut deeply sculptured and rougli with ragged ridges, 2-celled at the base. 

 — Rich woods, N. Eng. to the mountains of Ga., west to Minn., E. Kan., and 

 Ark. Tree .50-75° high, with gray bark, widely spreading branches, and 

 lighter brown wood than in the next. 



2. J. nigra, L. (Black Walnut.) Leaflets 7-11 jiairs, ovate-lanceo- 

 late, taper-pointed, somewhat lieart-shaped or une()ual at l>a.se, smooth above, 

 the lower surface and the petioles minutely downy : fruit spherind, rongiily 

 dotted, the nut corrugated, 4-celled at top and bottom. — Rich woods, W. Mass. 

 and Conn, to Fla., west to Minn., E. Neb., E. Kan., and southward. A large 

 and handsome tree (often 90-150° high), with rougli brown bark, and valu- 

 able purplish-brown wood turning bhickish with age. 



