47G CTPULIFEK^. (oak FAMILY.) 



or sessile ; cup round-ovate, thin, icith rugged scales, almost covering the depressed- 

 globose acorn (8 - 10" long). — River swamps, S. E. Mo. to S. Ind., Tenn., N. C, 

 and southward. — A large tree, with flaky bark; intermediate between n. 3 

 and n. 5. 



* * Leaves coarselij sinuate-toothed, hut not lobed (except slightly in n. 5), whitish 

 and more or less downg beneath ; cup hoarg, hemisphericcd or a little depressed, 

 about half as long as the oblotig-ovoid edible acorn. — Chestnut-Oaks. 



5. Q. bicolor, Willd. (Swamp White Oak.) Zeares . obovate or 

 oblong-obovate, icedge-shaped at base, coarsely sinuate-crenate and often rather 

 jiinnatijid than toothed, usually soft-dou-nj and white-hoar:/ beneath, the mr>in 

 primary veins 6-8 pairs, lax and little prominent ; fruiting peduncle much 

 longer than the petiole ; upper scales of the cup awn-pointed, sometimes form- 

 ing a mossy -fringed margin; acorn scarcely 1' long. — Borders of streams 

 and swamps, S. Maine to Ont., Minn., and E. Kan., and south in the moun- 

 tains to N. Ga. — A large tree, Avith flaky bark. 



6. Q. Michauxii, Nutt. (Basket-Oak. Cow-Oak.) Leaves (5-6' 

 long) oval or obovate, acute, obtuse or even cordate at base, regularly dentate 

 (commonly not deeply), I'ather rigid, usually very tomentose beneath; stamens 

 usually 10 ; fruit short-peduncled ; cup shallow, tuberculate with hard and 

 stout acute scales, without fringe ; acorn 1^' long. (Q. Prinus, var Micl:- 

 auxii, Chapm.) — Borders of streams and swamps, Del. to Ela., and in the 

 west from S. Ind. to Mo., and south to the Gulf. — A large and valuable tree, 

 with gray flaky bark and large sweet edible acorns. Intermediate forms ap- 

 pear to connect with n. 5, of which Dr. Engelmann considered it a sub- 

 species. 



7. Q. Prinus, L. (Chestnut-Oak.) Leaves thick, varying, obovate or 

 oblong to lanceolate, sometimes acuminate, ivith an obtuse or acute base, undu- 

 lately crenate-toothed, pale and m'inutely downy beneath, the main primary ribs 

 10-16 pairs, straight, prominent beneath; irmting peduncles shorter than the 

 petioles, often very short ; cup thick (6-12" wide), mostly tuberculate with hard 

 and stout scales ; acorn large (sometimes 1-1$' long). (Incl. var. monticola, 

 Michx.) — Rocky banks and hillsides, E. Mass. to N. Y. and Out., and south in 

 the mountains to N. Ala. A large tree, with thick and deeply furrowed bark, 

 rich in tannin. 



8. Q. Muhlenbergii, Engelm. (Yellow Oak. Chestnut-Oak.) 

 Leaves (5-7' long) slender-pefioled, often oblong or even lanceolate, usually 

 acute or pointed, mostly obtuse or roundish at base, almost equably and rather 

 sharply toothed ; cup subsessile, shallow, thin, of small appressed scales, 5-7" 

 broad ; acorn globose or obovate, 7 - 9" long. (Q. Prinus, var. acuminata, 

 Michx.) — Dry hillsides and rich bottoms, Mass. to Del., along the mountains 

 to N. Ala., west to Minn., E. Neb., and Tex. — Leaves more like those of the 

 Chestnut than any other ; the primary veins very straight, impressed above, 

 prominent beneath. A tall tree, with thin flaky bark. 



9. Q. prinoides, Willd. Like ohe last, but of /ow sto^wre (usually 2 -4^ 

 high), icith smaller more undulate leaves on shorter petioles (.3-6" long), and 

 deeper cups with more tumid scales. (Q. Prinus, var. humilis, Marsh.) — Same 

 range as last. Apparently quite distinct at the east^ where it is very low, but 

 running into Q. Muhlenbergii at the far west. 



