CUPULIFER^. (oak family.) 479 



Tree 30-90° high. The specific name is in allusion to its early use for 

 shingles. 



ly. Q. Ph61l0S, L. (\Villc)W-()ak.) Leaves !inear-Ianccol(iff',tiarroired 

 to both ends, soun (/lahroits, light green ('3-4' long); cup saucer-sliape<l. — 

 Bottom lands or rich sandy uplands, Staten Islaml to N. Fla., west to S. Ky., 

 Mo., and Tex. 



In addition to the above, the following hybrids have been recognized : — 



Q. ALBA X MACROCARPA ; N. 111. (Debh) ; central 111. {Hull). 



Q. ALBA X STELLATA ; N. 111. {Behh) ; ]). C. ( Vase;i) ; S. C. [MeUichamp). 



Q. ALBA X Prinus; near Washington, D. C. ( Vasen.) 



Q. IMBHH'ARIA X NIGRA (Q. tridoutata, K II rjr 1 711(1)1 It) ; 8. 111. (Enrjelmann). 



Q. LMBKiCAKLV X PALlSTRLs; Mo. {Kuycliiianv). 



Q. iMHHK ARLv X cocciNEA (Q. Lcaua, JS'h//.) ; Ohio to Mo., and near Wash- 

 ington, 1). C. 



Q. Phellos X RiKRA {^■) OY ("occiNEA ( ') (Q. hetero])]iylla, ^f^chx.) ; Stateu 

 Island and N. J. to Del. and X. C. (Bahtijam's Oak.) 



Q. PiiELLOS X NIGRA (Q. Kudkiui, IJritt.) ; N. J. {/iii(/kni). 



Q. iLiciFOLiA XcocciNEA (') ; Uxbridge, Mass. {Jiobhins.} 



7. CASTANEA, Tourn. Chestnut. 



Sterile flowers interruptedly clustered in long and naked cylindrical catkins ; 

 calyx mostly 6-parted; stamens 8-20; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled. 

 Fertile flowers few, usually 3 together in an ovoid scaly prickly involucre ; calyx 

 ■with a 6-lobed border crowning the 3-7-celled 6-14-ovuled ovary; abortive 

 stamens 5- 12 ; styles linear, exserted, as many as the cells of the ovary ; stig- 

 mas small. Nuts coriaceous, ovoid, enclosed 2-3 together or solitary in the 

 hard and thick very prickly 4-valved involucre. Cotyledons very thick, some- 

 what plaited, cohering together, remaining underground in germination. — 

 Leaves strongly straight-veined, undivided. Flowers appearing later than the 

 leaves, cream-color; the catkins axillary near the end of the branches, wholly 

 sterile or the upper ones androgynous with the fertile flowers at the base. 

 (The classical name, from that of a town in Thessaly.) 



1. C. sativa, Mill., var. Americana. (Chestnit.) A large tree, 

 leaves oblonfj-lunreolate, pointed, serrate with coarse pointed teetlj^ acute at 

 base, when mature smooth and green both sides ; nuts 2 or 3 in each involucre, 

 therefore flattened on one or both sides, very sweet. (C. vesca, var., of the 

 Manual.) — Rocky woods and hillsides, S. Maine to Del., along the mountains 

 to X. Ala., and west to S. Mich., S. Ind., and Tenn. 



2. C. pumila, Mill. (Chixqlapin.) A spreading shrnb or small tree; 

 leaves ohioiifj, nnitc, serrate with pointed teeth, irhitened-dou-mi beneath ; invo- 

 lucres small, often spiked ; the ovoid pointed nut scarcely half as large as a 

 common chestnut, very sweet, solitary, not flattened. — Kich hillsiiles and 

 borders of swamps, S. Penn. to Fla., west to S. Ind. and Tex. 



8. FAGUS, Tourn. Heecil 



Sterile flowers in small heads on drooping peduncles, with deciduous scale- 

 like bracts; calyx bell-shaped, ."i-T-cIeft; stamens 8-16; filaments slender, 

 anthers 2-celled. Fertile flowers usually in pairs at the apex of a short pe- 

 duncle, invested by nunurou."; awl sliaped bractlet.'^. the inner coherent at \)i\so 



