comfkim:. (i'ine family.) 489 



Subclass II. GYMNOSPERMiE. 



Pistil represented l>y an oi^on scale or leaf, or else entirely 

 wanting; tiie ovules and seeds tiierefore naived (without a peri- 

 carp), and I'ci-tilized l)y tlie direct application of the pollen. 

 Cotyledons often more than two. 



OFiDKii 107. CONIFERS. (Pink Family.) 



Trees or shrubs, wi(/i resinous juice, mostly awl-shaped or iietdle-shape.d 

 entire leaves, and monoecious or rarelij dioecious Jioicers in catkins or soli- 

 (ari/, destitute of calyx or corolla. Ovn'es ortliotroj)ous or inverted. Em- 

 bryo in the axis of the allmnien, nearly its lenirth. (^Voo<l destitute of 

 (hicts, composed chiefly of a homogeneous large woody fij)re which is 

 marked with circular disks on two sides.) 



Suborder I. Pinacese. Fertile flowers in scaly aments beeom- 

 ing cones or berrydike. Ovules 2 or more at the base of each scale. 

 Mostly nioncecioiis and evergreen. 



Tribe I. ABIJETINE.^. (Pine Family proper.) Fertile flowers in catkins, cnnsist- 

 inj< of mimerous open spirally imbricated carpels in the form of scales, each scale in the 

 axil of a thin ])ersistent bract; in fruit forming a strobile or cone. Ovules 2, adherent 

 to the base of each scale, inverted. Seeds winged. Cotyledons 3 - 16. Anthers spi- 

 rally arranged upon the stamineal column, which is subtended by involucral scales. 

 Buds scaly. Leaves scattered (or fascicled in n. 1 and 5), linear to needle-shaped. 

 * Cones maturing Uie second year, their scales becoming thickened and corky. 

 L Pinus. Leaves 2-5 in a cluster, surrounded by a sheath of scarious bud-scales. 

 • * Cones maturing the first year, their scales remaining thin, 

 t- Cones pendulou.s, their scales persistent; bracts smaller than the scales; leaves jointed 



upon a prominent persistent ba.se, soliUiry. 

 2. Picea. Leaves se.ssile, keeled on both sides (tetragonar. 

 H T.suga. Leaves petioled, flat 



-.- -1- Cones erect ; bracts longer than the scales ; leaf-scars not prominent. 

 4. Abies. Scales of the large cone deciduous. Leaves persistent, solitary, keeled beneatli. 

 o. Larix. S-ales of tlic small cone persistent Leaves mostly fascicled, flat, deciduou!?. 

 Tribe II. TAXODIE/E. Fertile aments of several spirally arranged Imbricated .scales, 

 without bracts, becoming a globular woo<ly cone. Ovules 2 or more at the base of each 

 .scale, erect. Leaves linear, alternate ; leaf-buds not scaly. 

 Taxodiuni. Seeds 2 to each sctale. Leaves 2-ranked, deciduous. 

 Tribe III. CUPRESSINE^. Scales of the fertile ament few. dccu.ssately opposite 

 or ternate, becoming a small close<l cone or sort of drui)e. Ovules 2 or more in their 

 axils, erect Cotyledons 2 (rarely more) Leaves decus.sately opposite or ternate, usu- 

 ally scale-like and adnate, the earlier free ami subulate ; leaf-buds not scaly. 

 * Monoecious ; fruit a small cone ; leaves opposite and foliage more or less 2-ninked. 

 7 Chainaecyparig. Cone globose ; scales peltate. Seeds 1 or 2, narrowly winged. 



8. Thuya. Cone pendulous, oblong, of 8 - 12 imbricated scales. Seeds 2, 2-winged. 



* * Dioecious. Fruit beny-like, with bony ovate seeds. 



9. Juniperu.s. Fruit-scales 3 - G, coalesccnt. Foliage not 2-ranked. 



