548 TYPHACE.E. (cat-tail FAMILY.) 



Eootstocks creeping and stoloniferous ; roots fibrous. Stems simple or branch- 

 ing, sheathed below by tlie base of the linear leaves. Flowering through the 

 summer. (Name from (nrdpyauov, ajillel, from t\\e ribbon-like leaves.) 



* Fruit sessile, broad and truncate, often 2-seeded ; stigmas often 2, elongated ; 



scales rigid, nearly equalling the fruit ; erect, with branched inflorescence. 



1. S. eurycarpum, Engelm. Stems stout, erect (2-4° high); leaves 

 mostly flat aud merely keeled ; pistil attenuate into a short style bearing 1 or 

 2 elongated stigmas; fruit-heads 2-6 or more, I'Avide; fruit many-angled 

 (,3^ - 4" long) when mature, with a broad and depressed or retuse summit ab- 

 ruptly tipped in the centre. — Borders of ponds, lakes, and rivers, N. Eng. to 

 Va., west to the Pacific. 



* * Fruit comparatively narrow, and viostly someirhat stipitate, 1-celled, longer 



than the scales. 



2. S. simplex, Huds. Stems slender, erect (^-2° high); leaves more or 

 less triquetrous (21-4" wide) ; fertile heads (1 -4) of the usually simple inflo- 

 rescence often above the axils, sessile or peduncled, 6 - 8" wide in fruit ; stigma 

 linear, equalling the rather slender style or shorter; nutlets pale, fusiform or 

 narrowly oblong (about 2" long), more or less contracted in the middle. — N- 

 Eng. to N. J., west to Mich., Minn., and northward. (Eu.) 



Var. androcladum, Engelm. Stouter (1^-3° high), with usually 

 broader leaves (4 - 9'^) aud branching inflorescence, the head or peduncles axil- 

 lary or nearly so ; fruiting heads (1-7) often larger (6 - 1 2" broad), tlie nutlets 

 2-3'' long. (S. androcladum, Morong.) — In bogs or shallow water, common ; 

 N. Eng. to Fla., v/est to Minn, and Mo. 



Var. angUStif olium, Engelm. Very slender ; leaves floating, long and 

 narrow (4^-2^" wide), flat; inflorescence simple; heads (4-6" broad) and 

 nutlets smaller. — Mountain lakes aud slow streams, N. Y., N. Eng., and north- 

 ward ; sometimes nearly out of water, dwarf and with shorter erect leaves. 



Var. fluitans, Engelm. Floating in deep water, with long slender stems 

 and flat narrow leaves ; inflorescence usually short, sparingly branched ; style 

 stout with a short oval stigma ; fruiting heads 4 - 6" broad ; nutlets dark, as 

 large as in the type. (S. androcladum, var. fluctuans, Morong.; not S. fluitans, 

 Fries.) — Ponds, Penu., AY. Conn., White Mts., N. Minn., and northward. 



3. S. mininiurQ, Fries. Usually foating, with very slender stems and thin 

 flat narrow leaves; fertile heads 1 or 2, axillary, sessile or peduncled (4-5" 

 wide) ; stigma oval, about as long as the short style, scarcely surpassing the 

 oval or obovate denticulate acailes ; fruit ohlong-obovate (1 -2" long), pointed, 

 someAvhat triangular, the stipe very short or none. — N. Eng. to Penn., N. Ind., 

 Minn., north and westward. — Stems 3-6' high Avhen growing out of water, 

 much longer when submerged. (Fu.) 



Order 123. ARACE^E. (Arum Family.) 



Plants icith acrid or pungent Juice, simple or compound often veiny leaves, 

 and flowers crowded on a spadix, which is usually surrounded hy a spathe. 

 ■ — Floral envelopes none, or of 4-6 sepals. Fruit usually a berry. 

 Seeds with fleshy albumen, or none, but filled with the large fleshy em- 



