CYPERACE^. (sedge FAMILY.) 583 



-*- -t- Culm leafu, bearing several umbellate-clustered heads, involucrate. 



5. E. Virginicum, L. Culm rigid (2-4° high); leaves very narrowly 

 liuear, eluugated, tiat; spikelets nearlj sessile, crowded in a dense cluster or 

 head ; wool rustij or copper<-olor, ouly thrice the length of the scale; stamen 1. 



— Bogs and low meadows, Newf. to Fla., west to Minn, and Neb. July, Aug. 



— Var. ALBi M, Gray, lius the wool white. N. New York. 



6. E. polyst^chyon, L. Culm rigid (1-2° high), obscurely triangular; 

 leaves linear, Jlat, or bart/i/ channelled below, triangular at the point; involucre 

 2-3-leaved ; spikelets several (4>- 12), on smooth nodding peduncles, some of 

 tliem elongated in fruit; acliene obovate ; ivool white, \cry straight (I'long or 

 more). — Bogs, Newf. to Ca., Minn, and westward. June, July. (Eu.) — Var. 

 LATir6LiLM, Cray; peduncles rough; leaves sometimes broader and flatter. 



7. E. gracile, Koch. Culm slender (1-2° high), rather triangular; 

 leaves slender, channelled-trianfjnlar, rough on the angles; involucre short and 

 scale-like , mostl fi l-leaved; peduncles rough or roughish-pubescent ; spikelets 

 3-7, small, when mature the copious white wool 6 - 9" long ; achene elliptical- 

 linear. — Cold bogs, Newf. to N. J., west to Minn, and Mo. Scales in our plant 

 mostly light chestnut and about 3-nerved. June -Aug. (Eu.) 



10. FUIRENA, Kotthoell. Umhrella-Grass. (PI. 2.) 



Spikelets many-Howered, terete, clustered or solitary, axillary and terminal. 

 Scales imbricated in many ranks, awned below the apex, all Horiferous. Peri- 

 anth of 3 ovate or heart-shaped petaloid scales, mostly on claws, and usually 

 with as many alternating small bristles. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Achene 

 triangular, pointed with the persistent base of the style. Culms from a peren- 

 nial root, obtusely triangular. (Named for G. Fuiren, a Danish botanist.) 



1. P. squarrdsa, Michx., var. hispida, Chapm. (PI. 2, fig. 1-7.) 

 Stem (1-3° higli) leafy; leaves and sheatlis usually densely hairy; spikelets 

 ovoid-oblong (4- 6" long), clustered in heads, bristly with the spreading awns 

 of the scales ; perianth-scales rhombic or deltoid-ovate, with a short thick awn 

 or point, the interposed mostly barbed bristles shorter than the achene. — 

 Sandy wet places, N. J. to Fla., west to Ky. and Tex. 



Var. ptimila, Torr. Usually low (1-6' high or more), with 1 -6 spike- 

 lets ; perianth-scales narrowly to broadly oblong or ovate, long-stipitate and 

 attenuate to a long awn ; ])arbed l)ristles usually exceeding the achene. — Mass. 

 to N. J., Fla., and La. ; Mich. The commonest form. 



11. HEMICARPHA, Nee.s. (PI. 2.) 



Spikelet, flowers, etc., as in Scirpus, except tliat there is a minute translu- 

 cent scale (readily overlooked) between the flower and the axis of the spikelet. 

 Stamen only one. Style 2-cleft. Bristles or otlier periantli none. (Name from 

 ifl/xi, half, and Koipcpos, sfrair or chnfi] in allusion to the single inner scalelet.) 



1. H. Subsquarr6sa, Nees. Dwarf or minute annual (1-5' high) ; in- 

 volucre i-leaved, as if a continuation of tlie bri.stle-like culm, and usuallv with 

 another minute leaf; spikelets 2-3 (barely 2" long); scales brown, tipped 

 with a short recurved point. — Sandy borders of ponds and rivers, N Eng. to 

 Fla., west to the Pacific. 



