594 CYPERACE^. (sedge FAMILY.) 



Var. major, Bailey. Culm much stouter (often over 2° high), thick and 

 very sharply angled ; leaA-es stout and channelled or involute ; staminate spikes 

 short-stalked; the pistillate 1-5, darker, mostly longer and larger; scale 

 varying from wholly obtuse to acutish. — Outlet of Moosehead Lake {Porter), 

 and northward. 



Var. (?) aurea, Bailey. Taller and mostly stouter than the type; pis- 

 tillate spikes one or two, often staminate at top, yellow or stramineous; peri- 

 gynium longer, gradually produced into a conspicuous and more or less 

 toothed beak, prominently few-nerved, yellow, broader and usually longer 

 than the blunt scale. (C. pulla, and var. miliaris, last ed.) — Outlet of Moose- 

 head Lake (Smith), and northward. 



++ ++ Spikes much larger, cylindrical. 

 = Scales all, or all but the very lowest, smooth. 



n. C Utriculata, Boott. Very stout and robust, 3-4° high; leaves 

 broad (4-6") and flat, very prominently nodulose, particularly below, spikes 

 3-4, 3-6' long, very thick and dense above but usually more or less attenu- 

 ate below, erect or nearly so, all but the lowest sessile or very short-stalked ; 

 perigynium ovate, only moderately inflated, rather abruptly contracted into a 

 short toothed beak, at maturity usually squarrose, rather prominently few- 

 nerved, the upper longer than the sharp scale, the lower shorter than or only 

 equalling the sharper or awned scale. (C. rostrata, Bailey, etc.) — Swamps, 

 everywhere ; common. Passes imperceptibly into var. minor, Boott, which is 

 distinguished by its much smaller size, spikes 2^ long or less, smaller peri- 

 gynium, blunt scales, and narrower and little nodulose leaves. With the 

 type. 



12. C. monile, Tuckerm. Rather slender but erect, 2 - 3° high, the culm 

 sharply angled and usually rough above ; pistillate spikes 2-3, the lowest one 

 or two sliort-stalked, erect or spreading, 1-3' long, narrowly cylindrical ; 

 perigynium turgid, prominently beaked, about 10-nerved, ascending, longer 

 than the very sharp scale. (C. Vaseyi, Dewey.) — Meadows and swales; 

 common. — In var. moxstr63a, Bailey, the plant is very slender throughout, 

 and the terminal spike more or less pistillate, while the remaining spikes are 

 reduced to one or two which are very small and loosely flowered and usually 

 on very long filiform peduncles. E. Mass. [Swan). 



13. C. Tuckerm^ni, Dewey. Differs from the last chiefly in the com- 

 paratively shorter (1 -2' long) spikes, which are much thicker (usually -J' or 

 more) ; perigynium greatly inflated and very thin and papery, the body broader 

 than long (about 3" thick) ; scale thin and narrow, acute, all but the very 

 lowest less than half the length of the perigynium. — Swamps, W. New Eng. 

 to X. J., and west to Minn. ; frequent. 



14. C. bullata, Schkuhr. (PI. 6, fig. 1 5 - 20.) Slender, 1 - 2° high ; culm 

 very sharply and roughly angled, thin but stiff ; leaves narrow, rough-edged, 

 stiff ; spikes 1 or 2, remote, short and thick (rarely 1|' long), sessile or the lower 

 short-peduncled, more or less spreading ; perigynium turgid but very firm, 

 dull straw colored and shining as if varnished, prominently few-nerved, the long 

 beak usually minutely roughened ; scale membranaceous and blunt, about ^ 

 as long as the perigynium. — Swamps from E. Mass. to N. J. and E. Feun., 

 and southward ; frequent. 



