CYPERACE.E. (SEDGE FAMILV.) 613 



to N. J. and N. Y., and perhaps farther westward ; infrequent. — Var. vfciNA, 

 Dewey. Tufts looser and larger; leaves longer (often l'^ or more) and laxer, 

 sometimes broader ; some pistillate spikes Ijorne near the base of the stamiuate 

 on a true culm which is 3 - 8' high, one or two on each culm. With the spe- 

 cies and farther westward ; infrecjuent. 



91. C. nigro-margin^ta, Scliwein. Leaves mostly stifTer than in n. 90, 

 often broader, and some of the culms prolonged ; perigynium smooth or nearly 

 so, shorter beaked ; scales purj)le-margined, giving the spikes a very dark or 

 variegated appearance, considerably larger and lunger than in the last. — Dry 

 hillsides, N. J., and soutliward; local. 



* 7. — ■*- 3. Triquetne. 



92. C. pubescens, Mnhl. Strict, 1-2° high, pubescent throughout; 

 leaves Hat and soft, shorter than the culm ; spikes 2-4, the lower 1 or 2 short- 

 pedunded, and about Y lt)ng, loosely flowered, erect; perigynium very hairy, 

 conspicuously beaked and minutely toothed, straight, about the lengtii of the 

 truncate and rough-cuspidate thin scale. — Copses and moist meadows, N. 

 Eng. to Ky., and westward; frequent. 



* 8. riiYLLOsxAcinM:. 



93. C. Jam^sii, Schwein. (PI. 5, fig. 17-21.) Diffuse, 6-10' high; 

 leaves very narrow (1" or less), much surpassing the culm ; spike very small, 

 the staminate portion inconspicuous, the pistillate flowers 1 - 3 and loosely dis- 

 posed ; perigynium globular, produced into a very long and roughened nearly 

 entire beak ; scale narrow, the lowest often 1-2' long, the upper often shorter 

 than the perigynium. (C. ISteudelii, Kunth.) — Woods, N. Y. to 111., and south- 

 ward ; frequent. 



94. C. Willdenovii, Sclikuhr. Lower, stiff er, the leaves broader and 

 pale ; spike larger, tlie pistillate flowers 3-9, compact ; perigynium bearing 

 a prominent two-edged very rough beak ; scales chaffy, nerved, as broad as 

 and somewhat longer than the perigynium, or the lowest rarely overtopping 

 the spike. — Copses, Mass. to Mich., and southward ; rare. 



95. C. Backii, Boott. Forming dense mats; leaves still broader (2" or 

 more), very abundant ; staminate flowers about 3 ; pistillate 2 - 5 ; perigynium 

 more gradually beaked, smooth throughout ; scales very broad and leaf-like, 

 all exceeding the culm and entirely enveloping the spike. — W. Mass. to Ohio, 

 and far westward ; local and rare, especially eastward. 



* 9. Lkptooephal.k. 



96. C. polytricholdes, Mnhl. Capillary, erect or slightly diffuse, 6- 

 18' high; leaves mostly shorter than the culm; spike 2-4" long, linear, the 

 staminate ])ortion very small ; perigynium thin and green, nerved, about twice 

 longer than the obtuse caducous scale. — Bogs; common. 



* 10. PHYSOCtPHAL.'E. 



97. C. Fr^seri, Andrews. Cespitose ; culm 6-15' high, naked or the 

 lower portion included in loosely sheathing abortive leaves, smooth and stiff; 

 leaves 1' broad or more, destitute of midrib, very thick and persistent, jiale, 

 1-2° long; spike whitisli; perigynium ovoid, faintly nerved, much longer 

 than the scale. — "Rich mountain woods, Va. and southward; very local and 

 rare. A most remarkable i)lant. 



