632 GRAMINEiE. (GRASS FAMILY.) 



long by Y wide), not dilated at the ciliate-bearded clasping base, smooth except 

 the margins, stronglij ^-\\-nerved ; panicle long-ped uncled, very simple, the 

 appressed branches bearing a few round ish-obovate spikelets (about 1^'^ long) ; 

 lower glume ovate, acutish, ^ - -^ the length of the 9-nerved second. — Dry 

 sandy soil, Maine to Fenn., Wise, Iowa, and northward; rare. June. — Yel- 

 lowish-green ; spikelets minutely dov\'ny ; sterile flower sometimes staminate. 



12. P. latifolium, L. Culm (l-a'^high) smooth; the joints and the 

 throat or margins of the otherwise smooth sheaths often bearded with soft woolly 

 hairs ; leaves broadly oblong-lanceolate from a heart-clasping base (often 1' wide), 

 taper-pointed, 11 - 15-nerved, smooth, or sparingly downy-hairy ; panicle more 

 or less exserted (2 - 3' long), usually long-peduncled, the branches spreading ; 

 spikelets obovate, l^" long, downy; lower glume ovate, not half the length of 

 the many-nerved second ; sterile flower often (not always) with 3 stamens. — 

 Moist thickets ; common. June - Aug. 



13. P. clandestinum, L. (PI. 13, fig. 6, 7.) Culm rigid (1-3° high), 

 very leafy to the top, at length producing appressed branches, the joitits naked ; 

 sheaths rough with papiiice bearing very stiff and spreading bristly hairs ; leaves 

 oblong-lanceolate from a heart-clasping base, very taper-pointed ; lateral and 

 usually also the terminal panicle more or less enclosed in the sheaths, or with 

 the terminal one at length long-peduncled; — otherwise resembling n. 12; 

 but the spikelets more ovoid, often smooth ; the lower flower (always ? ) neutral. 

 — Low thickets and river-banks, N. Eng. to Mich., Mo., and southward. 

 June - Sept. 



14. P. viscidum, Ell. Culms stout, upright or ascending, at length 

 much branched, leafy to the top, densely velvety-downy all over, as also the 

 sheaths, with reflexed soft and often clammy hairs, except a ring below each 

 joint; leaves likewise velvety, lanceolate {j/ wide), 11 - 13-nerved ; panicle 

 spreading, the lateral ones included; spikelets obovate, 1 or l^" long, downy; 

 the roundish lower glume scarcely one fourth the length of the 7-nerved sec- 

 ond one. — Damp soil, N. J. to Va., and southward. Aug. 



15. P. SCOpkrium, Lam. Culms upright, at length much branched and 

 reclining (1-2° long), roughish ; leaves lanceolate (3-5' long by ^-i' wide), 

 rather faintly 9-nerved, hairy or smooth, fringed on the whole margin or next 

 the base with long and stiff spreading hairs, the sheaths bristly throughout with 

 similar hairs; panicle open, nearly simple, bearing few tumid-obovate hairy or 

 smoothish spikelets about U" long ; lower glume roundish, about half or a 

 quarter of the length of the upper one. (F. pauciflorum, Ell.) — Wet mead- 

 ows and copses, E. :Mass. to Minn., Avest and southward. June, July. 



16. P. commutatum, Schultes. Rather slender, erect, 1-2° high, 

 nearly glabrous; leaves lanceolate, acuminate (3-6' long), the margins to- 

 ward the base and the sheaths sparsely ciliate ; panicle spreading, often short- 

 peduncled; spikelets scattered, glabrous, oblong, acutish, little more than 1' 

 long; loiver glume ovate, often acute. — N. Y. to Fla. — A frequent variety 

 with smaller spikelets (not \" long) approaches the next, and has also been 

 contused with F. dichotomum. — Ont. to Va. and southward. 



= ^= Spikelets less than V long. 



17. P. nitidum, Michx. (Lam.?) Resembles the last; leaves rather 

 thick and the principal nerves very obscure or none except at the base ; pan- 



