GRAMINK.I-:. (grass FAMILY.) 649 



31. CINNA, L. Wood Ueei>-Gka88. (PI. 8.) 

 Splkelcts 1 -flowered, muoh flattened, crowded in an open flaccid panicle. 

 Empty glumes j)ersiatent, lanceolate, acute, strongly keeled, rough serrulate 

 on the keel ; the lower rather smaller, the upper a little exceeding the flower, 

 which is manifestly stalked, smooth and naked ; flowering glume much like 

 the lower, longer than the palet, usually short-awned or mucronate on the 

 back below the pointless apex. Stamen one, opposite the 1-nerved palet! 

 Grain linear-oblong, free. — A perennial, rather sweet-scented grass, with 

 simple and upright somewhat rced-like culms (2-7° high), bearing an 

 ample compound terminal panicle, its branches in fours or fives ; the broadly 

 linear-lanceolate flat leaves (4-G" wide) with conspicuous ligules. Spikelets 

 green, often purplish-tinged. (From Kivua, a name in Dioscorides for a kind 

 of grass.) 



1. C. arundin^cea, L. (PI. 8, fig. l, 2.) Panicle 6- 15' long, rather 

 dense, the branches and pedicels spreatling in flower, afterward erect; spike- 

 lets 2^-3" long ; awn of the glume either obsolete or manifest. — Moist wood« 

 and shaded swamps; rather common. July, Aug. 



2. C. pdndula, Trin. Panicle loose and more slender, the branches nearly 

 capillary and drooping in flower; pedicels very rough; glumes thinner, the 

 lower less unequal; spikelets li-2"long; palet obtuse. (C. arundinacea, 

 var. pendula, Gray.) — Deep damp woods, N. New Eug. to Lake Superior and 

 northward, and on mountains southward. (Eu.) 



32. APERA, Adans. 



With the characters of Agrostis ; distinguished by the presence of a second 

 rudimentary flower in the form of a short bristle, and by the 2-toothed palet 

 little shorter than the flowering bifid glume, which is dorsally awned. — A 

 rather late annual, with narrow flat leaves, and a contracted or spreading pan- 

 icle with numerous filiform branches and very numerous small shining spike- 

 lets. (Name from 6.ir-qpos, u)imainieri ; application obscure.) 



A. spiCA-vKNTi, Beauv. Spikelets -J - 1" long. — Sparingly naturalized. 

 (Nat. from Eu.) 



33. CALAMAGROSTIS, Adans. Reed Bknt-G. (PI. 8.) 



Spikelets 1 -flowered, and (in our species) often with a pedicel or rudiment 

 of a second abortive flower (rarely 2-flowered), in an open or spiked panicle. 

 Lower glumes mostly membranaceous, keeled or boat-shaped, often acute, 

 commonly nearly equal, and exceeding the flower, which bears at the ba.'^e 

 copious white bristly hairs; flowering glume thin, bearing a slender awn on 

 the back or below the tip, or sometimes awnless ; the palet mostly shorter. 

 Stamens 3. Grain free. — Perennials, with running rootstocks, and mostly 

 tall and simple rigid culms. (Name compounded of KuKa/xos, a reed, and 

 dyp6(rTis, a grass.) 



§ 1. DEYEUXIA. Rudiment of a second floirer present in the form of a plu- 

 mose or hairy small pedicel behind the palet {veri/ rarely more derelojyed and 

 having a glume or even stamens) ; glumes membranaceous, or the floicering 

 one thin and delicate, the latter 3 - b-nerved and awn-bearing. 



* Panicle loose and open, ei'en after flowering ; the mostly purple-tinged oi- lead- 

 colored strigose-scabrous glumes not closing in fruit ; copious hairs of thr 



