704 JUNGERMANNIACE.E. (sCALE-MOSSES.) 



24. Jungermannia. Involucral leaves few, mostly larger than the entire or bidentate 



stem-leaves. Medium-sized or large. 



■w- -w- Uuderleaves 2-4-cleft, -parted, or -divided. 

 17. Geocalyx. Involucre fleshy, saccate, pendent. Leaves bidentate ; underleaves 2-cleft. 

 IS. Lophocolea. Fruit terminal on the main stem or a primary branch. Involucral leaves 



distinct. 



19. Chiloscyphus. Fruit on a short lateral branch. Involucral leaves distinct. (See 



also Jungermannia. ) 



++++++ Underleaves mostly wanting. 

 o. Leaves entire or barely retuse. 



23. Liiochlaena. Involucral leaves distinct, like those of the stem ; perianth truncate- 



depressed at the apex. 



26. Nardia. Involucral leaves connate at base and adnate to the perianth. 

 b. Leaves bidentate or bilobed, rarely 3-lobed. 



12. Cephalozia. Branches all from beneath. Perianth on a short branch, mostly tri- 

 gonal \\ itli the odd angle beneath. 



24. Jung^erinannia. Simple or branching laterally. Perianth terminal, mostly laterally 



compressed. 



c. Leaves mostly spinulose or dentate. 



20. Plagiochila. Involucral leaves large ; perianth laterally compressed. 



§ 2. Plant-body pseudo-foliaceous with succubous leaf-like lobes. 



28. Fossoinbronia. Perianth large, campanulate. 



§ 3. Plant-body a thallus. 

 * Thallus with a distinct costa. 



29. Pallavicinia. Thallus 3 - 6" wide, mostly simple, the margins sinuate or undulate. 



Peiianth tubular, at length dorsal. 



30. Blasia. Thallus 3-6" wide, lobed, dichotomous, or radiate, the margins pinnatifld- 



sinuate. 



32. Metzgeria. Thallus narrow (1 - 2"), ciliate at the margins or on one or both sides. 



* * Thallus with an inconspicuous costa or none. 



33. Aneura. Thallus rather narrow, mostly palmately or pinnately lobed. Sporogonium 



rising from the under side near the margin. 



31. Pellia. Thallus wider, mostly simple or forked. Sporogonium rising from the upper 



surface. 



1. FRULLANIA, Raddi. (PI. 24.) 

 Leaves incubous, compHcate-bilobed, the lower lobe usually inflated, helmet- 

 or club-shaped ; underleaves bifid, rarely entire, with basal rootlets. Dioecious 

 or monoecious. Fruit terminal on the branches. Involucral leaves 2 or 4, 

 larger than the stem-leaves; perianth 3-4-angled, mucrouate. Calyptra 

 pyriform, fleshy. Capsule globose, the lower third solid. Elaters truncate at 

 each end, unispiral, adherent to the valves. Spores large, reddish, minutely 

 muricate. Antheridia most often on a short branch, globose-oblong or cylin- 

 dric. Archegouia 2-4, long-styled. (Named for Leonardo Frullani, an Italian 

 Minister of State.) 



§ 1. TRACHYC6LEA. Perianth triangular in section, rough with tubercles or 

 scales, or villous ; lower leaf4ohe helmet-shaped, truncate at base. 

 * Lower leaf-lobe about three fourths the size of the upper. 

 1. F. Oakesiana, Aust. Stems widely branching ; fertile branches short ; 

 leaves obliquely orbicular, loosely imbricate, the lower lobe rotund, contigu- 

 ous to the stem ; uuderleaves ovate-rotund or subobovate, little wider than the 



