JUNGERMANNIACE.E. (sCALE-MOSSES.) 723 



(Cesia concinnata, S. F. Grai/.) — Alpine regions of the White Mts. (Oakes). 

 — Grayish or silvery-olive. (Ku.) 



28. FOSSOMBRONIA, Kaddi. (PI. 23.) 



Stems thalloid, with large subquadrate succubous leaves; underleaves none. 

 Dioecious or monoecious. Fruit terminal or by innovation dorsal on the main 

 stem. Involucral leaves 5-6 (in our species), small, subulate, adnate. Peri- 

 anth open-campanulate or obpyraniidal, crenate-lobed. Calyptra free, sub- 

 globose. Capsule short-pedioelled, globose, irregularly valved. Elaters very 

 short, 1-3- (mostly 2-) spiral, free. Spores large, very rough. Antberidia 

 2-3, short-pedicelled, naked. Perfect archegonia 2-3. (Named for V. Fos- 

 sombroui, an Italian Minister of State.) 



* Plant large or of medium size; stems most I j simple. 



1. F. pusilla, Dumort. (PI. 23.) Stems 6-10" long; leaves retuse, 

 entire or irregularly indented; perianth obconic, dentate; elaters siiort and 

 thick ; spores brown, depressed-globose-tetrahedral, 40 ^ broad, crested, the 

 slender crests pellucid, rarely becoming confluent. — On damp ground. Ita 

 occurrence in America is doubtful. (Eu.) 



2. F. Dumortieri, Lindb. Cespitose, greenish or brownish-yellow; 

 stems 3-6" long, V wide, shortly bifurcate; rootlets copious, purple; leaves 

 numerous, smaller toward each end of the stem ; monoecious ; perianth large, 

 broadly obpyraniidal ; calyptra nearly as long; elaters scanty ; spores globose- 

 tetrahedral yellowish-brown, regularly pitted. — White Mts. (/"ar/oit-), N. J. 

 {Austin), and perhaps elsewhere; confused with n. 1. 



3. F. angulbsa, Kaddi. Stems narrowly forked at the apex ; leaves 

 horizontal, subquadrate, the upper undulate-lobed ; dioecious ; ])erianth dilated- 

 conic, crenate; spores brownish-yellow, globose-tetrahedral, not depres.sed, 

 30 fx broad, deeply reticulated, the reticulations large, 5 - 6-angled. — Brackish 

 meadows, common; fruiting iu early spring. (Eu.) 



* * Plant minute; stems forked or fastigiately divided. 



4. F. cristula, Aust. Stems 1-2" long; leaves whitish, quadrate or 

 round-ol)ovate, subentire, strongly crisped-undulate ; capsule immersed on a 

 short pedicel ; elaters short, more or less diverse, with a single narrow annular 

 and spiral fibre ; spores pale fuscous, more or less tuberculate. — On moist 

 sand iu unfrequented paths, Batsto, N. J. (Austin). 



29. PALLAVICINIA, S.F.Gray. (PI. 22.) 



Thallus with a distinct costa. Fruit arising from the costa, at first terminal, 

 becoming dorsal. Diacious. Involucre cuj) shaped, short-lacerate. I'erianth 

 long-tubular, denticulate. Calyptra irregularly lacerate. Capsule slender- 

 cylindric. Elaters slender, free. Spores minute. Antberidia dorsal, covered 

 with minute fim})riate scales. (Named for L. Pullai'icini, Archbishop of 

 Genoa.) 



1. P. Lydllii, S. F. Gray. Thallus thin, 1 -4' long, 3 - .5" wide, simple or 

 bifid, the margin entire, slightly creuate or serrate; cells large, oblong-hex- 

 agonal; perianth erect, fleshy (^ cells thick below), the somewhat constricted 

 mouth lol)ate-ciliolate ; pedicel long, exceeding the thallus; capsule cylindric, 



