by means of dendrometer tapes, some placed at regular intervals up the trees. 

 Most of the work is done in red pine plantations, but some work had been started 

 on other species. 



Additional work is being done on the uses of fertilizers at the time of planting 

 to assist in the rapid establishment of new plantations. 



FROST DAMAGE TO PLANTATION 



Frost damage is a serious problem of plantations in some areas. Experimental 

 work continues on the relationship of the rates of dehardening of plant tissues to 

 frost damage and kUl. Laboratory techniques related to the artificial simulation of 

 frost, and rapid measurement of damage through electrical resistance changes, are 

 progressing. 



Forest Tree Breeding 



Breeding work with white pine, hard pines, aspen poplars and white cedar 

 was continued. Work with chestnut was retained on a maintenance basis. 



WHITE PINE 



Resistance to blister rust and weevil, and satisfactory growth form and growth 

 rate were the main objectives in breeding. 



The acquisition of new materials consisted of scions of 47 clones of white 

 pine and 15 clones of exotic species. The selection for resistance to blister rust 

 comprised 92 clones of white pine and 14 clones of various hybrids and exotic 

 species. 



The crosses made in 1962 consisted of 20 different kinds, used 511 bags and 

 yielded 942 young cones. Another thousand field grafts for weevil resistance 

 studies were made at the Kirkwood Management Unit. 



A pruning experiment, to induce early pollen production in grafts, was 

 initiated. 



A provenance test plantation, established in the Ganaraska Forest in 1951, 

 received its first thinning. 



A total of 2575 cuttings from 41 selected young trees of seedling origin were 

 treated with Rootone and planted in propagation beds in the fall. 



HARD PINES 



The development of new types, resistant to the European shoot moth and 

 superior in growth form and growth rate, continued to be the aim of this project. 



The study of the effects of inbreeding in red pine continued to be the most 

 active part of the program. Growth measurements of seedlings resulting from both 

 self-pollination and cross-pollination on nine trees at Vivian Forest support the 

 previous conclusion that these trees are genetically uniform. Of the 1 50 pollinations 

 made in 1961 on 50 trees, representing a considerable portion of the red pine 

 range, 101 yielded viable seeds. The flower, cone, seed, germination and seedling 

 data indicate that red pine is homozygous for a large number of alleles. It is self- 

 fertile and self-compatible, and seedlings resulting from self-pollination exhibit 

 little inbreeding depression. Pollinations, using pollens of widely different sources, 

 were made on 59 trees. No evidence was found indicating the presence of different 

 races of red pine. Studies of natural variation in red pine supported the conclusion 

 that this species is morphologically uniform throughout its range. 



Similar, but more limited, studies with jack pine and white pine indicated that 



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