stumpage rates on the timber which has been made acces- 

 sible. 9.0 miles of new roads were built, and 7.0 miles 

 were improved. 



2. Forest Access Koads are built lor a variety of purposes 

 such as timber extraction, forest improvement, forest pro- 

 tection, hunting and fishing research, and other forest uses. 

 98.8 miles of new roads were built, and 110.3 miles were 

 improved. 



SCALING 



Scaling is carried out in the Province to determine quan- 

 tities of wood cut from Crown lands and Agreement Forests 

 for revenue, for forest management, and for statistical anal- 

 yses of economic conditions and trends in the wood-using 

 industries. 



Continual attention to the fast-changing techniques of 

 cutting and moving wood from the stump to the mill has 

 encouraged and brought about new concepts of wood 

 measurement. These resultant changes have, as well, been 

 directed towards speeding up and simplifying scaling opera- 

 tions at a minimum cost, while retaining control over the 

 movement of wood. The most promising of the new wood 

 measurement methods are tree-length scaling, weight scal- 

 ing, and sample scaling. 



Computer analysis of scaling data and preparation of 

 Crown charges accounts is now effective across the' Province 

 and is the basis of a monthly billing system. 



For many years, Crown timber in the Province has been 

 measured by licensed scalers. Such a task has not been with- 

 out its difficulties. The physical extent of forest operations, 

 the variety of forest products harvested, and the many meth- 

 ods used to harvest timber highlight the problems facing the 

 Department in using uniform wood-measurement practices 

 for Crown timber throughout the Province. 



This uniformity has been achieved through a detailed 

 definition of the scaling practices to be used, and standards 

 to be observed, in measuring Crown timber and the require- 

 ment that all persons desiring to measure Crown timber 

 must prove their competence before being licensed to scale. 



The detailed definition of current wood measurement 

 practices and standards have been published during the 

 year in an up-dated, sixth edition of the "Manual of Scaling 

 Instructions." 



Scaling examinations were held at Huntsville, May 22, 

 1970, and Pembroke, September 25, 1970. A total of 66 new 

 scalers were licensed at the two courses, and 236 licences 

 were renewed for a three-year period. 



Demonstrating the use of a mobile cone picker tower at 

 Maple. Photo by B. Colvln. 



113 



