27 



1. Review of past management and land use experiences. 



a. Shoshonea pulvinata ; At the Grove Creek Pinnacles site 



in the Beartooth Mountains, the surrounding land has 

 been used for livestock grazing; however, the actual 

 sites have received little or no grazing pressure. 

 There are also mining claim markers on the site, but no 

 mining activity has taken place. In the Pryor 

 Mountains, the Lost Water Canyon site is on a livestock 

 grazing allotment, and the Mystery Cave site is on the 

 Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range. However, field 

 observations indicate that grazing has had little 

 impact on the Shoshonea populations. 



b. Related taxa: None known. 



c. Other ecologically similar taxa: Not reviewed. 



2. Performance under changed conditions: Not applicable. 



3. Current management policies and actions: Current management 

 is the same as outlined under past management. To our 

 knowledge the federal agencies have no intention of changing 

 current management schemes. It is not known how the 

 proposed designation of the Lost Water Canyon area as a 

 research natural area will affect management. The Towe 

 Farms owners have expressed an interest in subdividing some 

 of their land for residential development (J. Bird, The 

 Nature Conservancy, personal communication). 



^. Future land use: Present public land uses will probably 

 continue. In addition, mining activity and residential 

 development of private land may potentially occur in some 

 areas. 



B. Cultivation. 



1. Controlled propagation techniques: None known. 



S. Ease of transplanting: Not known. 



3. Pertinent horticultural knowledge: Not reviewed. 



k. Status and location of presently cultivated material: None 

 known. 



11. Evidence of threats to survival. 



A. Present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment 



of habitat or range: Shoshonea pulvinata occupies habitats which 

 are little threatened by human activities. Timber harvesting in 

 adjacent forest communities could adversely affect Shoshonea 

 sites, but the timber in most adjacent areas has a low 

 commercial value. The presence of mining claim markers at the 



