61 



of development (Eureka airport) and grazing 

 pressures should be assessed before any of 

 these activities are implemented. 



2. Areas recommended for protection: Although 

 currently registered v;ith The Nature 

 Conservancy, the Wild Horse Island site (002) 

 should be nominated as a natural area, and 

 should be given protection since, all other 

 known sites are on private land. 



3. Habitat management recommendations: No 



recommendations are being made at this time. 



4. Publicity sensitivity: Low. 



5. Other recommendations: None. 



B. Monitoring activities and research needs: Ongoing 



demographic studies to monitor two populations of S. 

 spaldinqii were started, and the results to date are 

 included in Appendices A and B, pp. 68 and 69. 

 These studies should be continued indefinitely. 

 Lesica (1988) suggests that this species is an 

 obligate or near-obligate outcrosser. Further 

 insect exclusion studies are needed to clarify these 

 results (Lesica, 1988); see Appendix D, p. 71. 

 Genetic and taxonomic studies might be helpful, to 

 determine if this species is hybridizing at the edge 

 of its range as theorized. 



Detailed field surveys are needed in Idaho, Oregon, 

 and Washington to assess the status of populations 

 and determine any threats to them. 



16. Interested parties: 



Office of Endangered Species 



ATTN: Dr. James Miller 



U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 



P.O. Box 25486 



Denver Federal Center 



Denver, CO 80225 



U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 



ATTN: Carol Taylor 



Federal Building, 301 S. Park 



P.O. Box 10023 



Helena, MT 59626 



