OATS. 175 



siiape of the berry, and upon the way in which the 

 spikelets are arranged on the stem. In some varieties, 

 the spikelets are distributed on all sides of the stem 

 and are spreading. Other varieties produce the spike- 

 lets on one side of the stem and are not spreading, 

 but are erect and close against the stem. The former 

 may be said to be varieties with open panicles, and 

 the latter varieties with closed panicles. The latter 



Vaeiety with. Vakiett with Open 



Closed Panicle. Panicle. 



are also known as side oats. These two types of oats 

 have been considered distinct species by some writers. 

 There are, however, all degrees of variation between 

 the varieties with open and closed panicles. 



There is still another type of oats in which the 

 palets or hulls are removed upon thrashing, and there 

 only remains the hulless kernels. These are called 



