176 THE SOILS AND CHOPS OF THE I* ARM. 



huUess oats, and are the so-called Bohemian oats. 

 This kind is usually considered a distinct species 

 Avena nuda, L. It is not generally raised, as the 

 yield is considerably less than of the varieties in which 

 the palets or hulls are not thrashed off. One reason, 

 of course, why the yield is less is because the palets 

 or hulls go into the straw instead of with the grain. 



Experiments seem to indicate that there is no ma- 

 terial difference in yield between varieties with 

 open or closed panicles, between varieties of different 

 color, or between varieties having short, plump ber- 

 ries and those having long, slender berries, and con- 

 sequently between varieties of different weights per 

 bushel. 



In America there are more early maturing varieties 

 with short, plump, white berries and open panicles 

 than any other kind, such as White Swede, Early 

 Lackawanna, Canada White, White Bonanza, White 

 Victoria, Welcome, Clydesdale, Hopetown, White 

 Wonder, Prize Cluster, Badger Queen, White Belgian, 

 Hargett's White and Centennial. There is little practi- 

 cal difference in the varieties named. They have the 

 advantage over later maturing varieties, in that their 

 growth and maturity are during the cooler portion of 

 the season, and also because they may often be har- 

 vested so as to avoid storms which injure the late va- 

 rieties. In some localities early maturing varieties 

 are desirable in order that they may be harvested in 

 time to prepare for the succeeding crop. There is a 

 difference of about two weeks in the market varieties 

 of this country. Early varieties also usually have 

 shorter stems and are, therefore, less likely to lodge. 



Culture. — It is not customaiy to prepare the seed- 



