41 



eider apples would be far greater than indicated by the 

 above figures. 



Letters from many prominent fruit growers throughout 

 the state fully bear out these figures. These same corres- 

 pondents state that much of this low grade fruit is a total 

 loss. That portion which is used is mainly converted into ci- 

 der and vinegar. Only one man reported the manufacture 

 of other than these two products. Could we carry our inves- 

 tigations further we would find that much of the cider and 

 vinegar are lost through improper handling. Relatively few 

 growers or farmers who try to convert their cider into vine- 

 gar find a market for their product because, due to methods 

 used, a standard product is rarely produced. An examina- 

 ton of 64 samples of homemade vinegar by the Pennsylvania 

 authorities some years ago showed the acetic acid content 

 varied from .86% to 8.79%. Very little success can be ex- 

 pected from methods which give the above results. 



Cider and vinegar, however, are not the only products 

 that can be made from our inferior grade apples, even 

 though little has been done to develop profitable uses for this 

 grade of fruit. Several years ago the Virginia experiment 

 station worked out a few problems and later other stations 

 have attempted to develop the idea, but the amount of real 

 good that has come to the fruit grower or rather the applica- 

 tion made by him has been little indeed. 



It has been shown that four men working with hand 

 tools can handle 125 bushels of apples per day producing 250 

 gallons of cider. While these same men using an 80 ton hy- 

 draulic press can handle 750 bushels per day, making 3,000 

 gallons of cider, when the pomace is not repressed. Now let 

 us apply this to present-day conditions : 



(1) 4 men @ $2.00 $ 8.00 



125 bu. apples @ 12c. 15.00 



$23.00 



