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ol trees that have been j^llowed. to grow so high and so thick 

 that it would he highly impracticable and in many cases 

 impossible for the most careful man to thoroughly cover 

 them with spray material even though he were provided 

 with the most efficient outfit on the market, and made the 

 attempt under ideal weather conditions. Trees that are 

 thick not only make thorough spraying very difficult, if not 

 impossible, but also afford ideal conditions for the growth 

 of many fungi. Induce proper pruning is decidedly impor- 

 tant. The scraping off of the rough baik on old trees is also 

 of great assistance to thorough spraying as well as a means 

 of destroying the hiding place of injurious insects. 



Let us now consider, very briefly, the second essential 

 tor success in spraying. 



PEOPER :^rATERIALS. 



First we have the fungicides used to prevent the devel- 

 opment of fungus diseases. The fungicides in general use 

 f.re home-made concentrated, commercial concentrated and 

 self-boiled lime-sulfur solutions, home-made Bordeaux mix- 

 ture and commercial combinations of Bordeaux mixture and 

 arsenate of lead. 



Among insecticides, the most common are arsenate of 

 lead as a stomach poison, and concentrated lime-sulfur, 

 miscible oils, whale oil soap and tobacco decoctions as con- 

 tact poisons. Among the materials just mentioned I believe 

 you will agree that arsenate of lead is undoubtedly the 

 cheapest and most efficient stomach poison for such insecrs 

 as codling moth and plum curculio. "We generally use threes 

 pounds of the paste or one and one-half pounds of the 

 powdered form of arsenate of lead to fifty gallons of spray 

 mixture with excellent results. There are many who claim 

 that smaller amounts than those just mentioned will give 

 equally as good results, but under average conditions I be- 

 lieve these amounts wile give better satisfaction. Thorough 

 agitation of any spray mixture containing arsenate of leaCl 

 is extremely important. Concentrated lime-sulfur and 



