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usecl,,,but ina -very iiniited way. M.any growers who several 

 years ago depended entirely on Bordeaux as a fungicide for 

 the apple are ndw using some form- of concentrated lime- 

 sulfur mixture. The commercial combinations of Bordeaux 

 and arsenate of lead are .used quite extensively by some of 

 our growers, but we do not recommend their use for two 

 ]'easons, the high cost and the danger of biu^ning foliage and 

 russetting fruit. The more a practical fruit-grower can 

 keep ay^-Rj from complex combinations of insecticides and 

 fungicides the less risk he will run of foliage and fruit 

 ])urning, but under average conditions it is practically im- 

 jiossible to get along without combining tAvo or three differ- 

 ent materials in one application. This is true of the arsenate 

 of lead lime-sulfur combination as well as the combination 

 01 Bordeaux mixture and arsenate of lead. During the past 

 year we have added black leaf 40 and whale oil soap to each 

 of the above combinations with very satisfactory results. 

 This gives us a three way mixture efficient against codling 

 moth, eurculio, red bug, aphis and scab. We have found 

 that the lime-sulfur-arsenate of lead combination is more 

 efficient against codling moth arc! eurculio than arsenate of 

 lead used alone. This is no doubt due to the fact that the 

 lime-sulfur acts as a spreader for the arsenate of lead. On 

 the other hand, some combinations of lime-sulfur and arsen- 

 ate of lead have caused more burning of foliage than the 

 lime-sulfur or arsenate of lead used alone. It is a well 

 known fact that the addition of lead arsenate to lime-sulfur 

 causes a chemical change to take place, forming a new com- 

 bination dark gray almost chocolate in color. During the 

 progress of this chemical change a very small amount of free 

 arsenic may be formed which is very likely to cause burning. 

 I'rovided this is true it would seem that the addition of a 

 small ciuantity of lime to the lime-sulfur-arsenate of lead 

 combination would tend to decrease the amount of burning. 

 We have found that home-made concentrated lime-sulfur 

 mixtures properly diluted do not, as a rule burn foliage as 

 l-adlv when mixed with arsenate of lead as the commercial 



