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method is to have two or four arms on the vines so placed 

 that on the 2d and 4th wires there will be a continous line 

 of bearing wood. When this method is used a number of the 

 poorer shoots may be broken off when young. Another way 

 practiced considerably in New York is to have the vine along 

 the lower wire, the new bearing shoots grown vertically, and 

 tied to the other wires. A good way, and one that does not 

 requires much work in the summer, is to have cross arms two 

 feet long at the top of the posts. A wire rimning along at 

 each end of the cross arm, and one on the posts a little low- 

 er, on which the vines are tied when pruned in the winter. 

 The new shoots growing are held up by the wires on either 

 side. Another way is to have the vine grow where you want 

 it, cutting away all but two or three buds on the stronger 

 last year's shoots. This method is used usually where the 

 vines grow on the side of a building, or over a trellis. 



When girdling is practiced, a good way is to let a shoot 

 grow from near the base of the vine, the next year tying it 

 straight up, cutting it off at the top wire, allowing two shoots 

 to grow each way, but bear no fruit until the next year 

 This series furnishes a strong fruiting vine for each season, 

 and the necessary proposition of the vine that is not fruiting, 

 that is required to keep up the vigor of the vineyard. This 

 method was used by Mr. Frank Wheeler of Concord, one of 

 the first, I think, in America to practice girdling to any ex- 

 tent. The vines pull off the wires easier when they are 

 warm and wet. If one cares to know of other ways of trim- 

 ming, he can send for Farmers' Bulletin 471, U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, and Circular No. 16 of the N. Y. Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station. 



sum:mer pruning. 



If the vines have wintered favorably, a number of the 

 smaller buds may be rubbed off soon after they start, and 

 those on wood more than one year old, unless wanted for 

 next year's bearing. About the time the blossoms open, by 

 pinching back the ends of the new growth, the life of the 



