40 



K^econd : the crown l)urer which is the most difficult of all to 

 control. If the plants, after starting all right in the Spring, 

 {^re seen to wilt and die, it is a pretty sure sign that a crown 

 borer is at work. The only remedj^ is to dig him out. 

 Other enemies of the raspberries are the tent caterpillar, 

 brown tail and gypsy moth, in infected sections, and the red 

 spider Avhich Avas quite troublesome this last summer. There 

 fire other lesser enemies but these are the most important. 



Now, before we continue with our rules for failure, let 

 rne describe our methods of starting new fields and care 

 during the first season. Too much emphasis cannot be 

 placed on thorough preparation of the land. We do not be- 

 lieve in plowing the fields between the rows after the plants 

 are set so the preparation of the land for the plants has to 

 do for several years. A field of raspberries set in a lumpy 

 or baked soil is generally unprofitable. Better put them in 

 Avell prepared greensAvard than in poorly fitted old ground, 

 We set our plants Avith a spade, Avith Avhich method yon are 

 doubtless all familiar. 



The plants of the reds are set three liy six Teet so there 

 is ample room for filler crops the first season. The most 

 practical fillers are beans, cabbages, tnrnips and other root 

 crops. The principal ol)jection to beans is that during a 

 rainy season they are injured by the cultivation the rasp- 

 berries need. W,e use cal)l)ages altogetlier and find tliem a 

 very satisfactory crop to raise, though not ahvays so ]!rofit- 

 fble as they might be. In 1913 Avlien they Avere !ti20 to $'30 

 per ton the cabbages raised as a filler crop ]iaid s^'^■^M'al 

 tinu^s the expense of the Avliole field. This year they prob- 

 i;bly paid for the seed used. By setting a roAV of cabbages 

 between tAvo roAvs of berries and a cal)bage plant between 

 every tAvo raspberry plants in the roAV, about 7000 can be 

 set on an acre. The cabbage stumps and leaves left in the 

 fall catch the first snoAvs Avhich protect the field from Aviater 

 nijuiy. 



During the first season cultivating is done at least every 

 tAvo Aveeks till Sept. 1st and later, if necessary to keep the 



