ll(i 



his orchard at the time of blossoming and examine his trees 

 from week to week for the appearance of blight in the 

 clusters. If they are turning brown or blackish, and grad- 

 Vtally dying back, remove such and destroy them. Every 

 time a saw or knife is used, one should disinfect the tool 

 with corrosive sublimate before cutting into another area of 

 the tree. 



A MEMBER : I would like to ask if fruit raised on the 

 tree with canker affects the apples any? 



PEOF. PARROTT : As far as I know, the fruit is not 

 f,enerally aft'ected in the same way as the wood is, but fruit 

 infection does occur. There is another disease, sphaeropsis 

 liialorum, or New York apple canker, which causes cankers 

 on trunks and limbs, and rotting of the fruits, but it does 

 not produce canker of the fruit. Does that ansAver your 

 question 1 



A MEMBER: What does that disease look like? 

 * PROF. PARROTT : "Well, the disease in the case of the 

 trunk and the larger branches causes great roughening of 

 the bark, depressed areas and swellings, followed by death 

 of the tissues. In the case of the apple itself, it is a sort of 

 a fruit spot which causes rotting of the apple. If there is a 

 plant pathologist here, he could describe this more accurate- 

 ly. 



A ^lEMBER : Have you noticed honey bees, whether 

 tbey scatter the germs from blight and fungus in the or- 

 chards or not? 



PROF. PARROTT : Prof. Waite, one of the authorities 

 on pear blight believes that they are instrumental in carry- 

 ing the bacteria that produce the disease. It is believed 

 also that other insects, especially winged sucking insects like 

 aphides, leaf-hoppers and psylla of one sort and another, 

 convey this disease. I believe that epidemics of this disease 

 often follow in the wake of outbreaks of insects of this 

 character. During the past year we have had more fire 

 blight than usual in pear plantings and in apple orchardvS 

 and there is good reason for believing that plant lice and 



