158 



A 4\IE]\IBER : What is the difference between shipping- 

 a carload of apples and less than a carload? 



MR. f::\IERSON: Your station agent would give that 

 to yon. I am only suggesting; it cost about 23 cents a bar- 

 rel out in Central New York State to ship that carload of 

 apples to New York City and in less than car-load lots, the 

 cost is about 50% more. 



A ME]\IBER: What is the minimum carload? 



I\IR. EMERSON: About 160 bairrels, about 150 pounds 

 to the barrel. 



A ME^IBER : The reason I asked those questions is this : 

 I had the pleasure of lunching with ^Ir. Dillon; I am in 

 sympathy with his wjork. but one of the fundamental ques- 

 tions is this everlasting increase in the size of the minimum 

 carload and the too wide spread between the less than car- 

 load and car-load rate; that is what has driven the farmers 

 out of Iowa. It is what has been smashing all the dealers 

 in the villages of New England, and that is absolutely fun- 

 damental, that as long as the Interstate Commerce Commis- 

 sion and, with the exception of two states, the state railroad 

 commission, lets the minimum carload go up and the differ- 

 ence between the carload and less than carload rate grow 

 wider, the producers and consumers are decidedly discrim- 

 inated against and are getting the worst of it all the time. 



MR. EMERSON: Of course you fully realize that we 

 have no control over railroad rates. 



A ]\IE^rBER : I approve of what you have done, and 

 ;.et you are almost helpless as long as the railroad commis- 

 sions let that sort of thing go on. 



MR. EMERSON: We urge co-operation from the stand- 

 point of the big concerns and from the standpoint of th^ 

 little concerns, and whenever they co-operate, they find that 

 they are better off than before. The Florida citrous fruit 

 people and the Southern California people feel that they 

 have gained greatly by co-operation. There is hardly a man 

 Lere but what has all he can do to support his wife and 

 children and educate them, and vet the man who led co- 



