56 



The second spraying is, of course, when the blossoms 

 fall, aud is the most important time to control the codling 

 moth. Here our time is limited to a very few days, and 

 every precaution should be taken to have the spraying out- 

 fit in perfect working order, which will often avoid delays. 

 This application must also be very carefully applied with 

 an extra fine nozzle and just as fine a mist as possible to 

 prevent russeting the fruit. We usually begin spraying 

 when the blossoms are about two-thirds off. Some mate- 

 rials will cause more burning of the foliage and russeting of 

 the fruit than others. 



Again, some varieties are much more susceptible to 

 russeting than others. Indeed, almost every variety is a 

 study of itself as far as the material and application is con- 

 concerned. Experience has taught me there is nothing quite 

 as satisfactory to use on tender varieties after the fruit is 

 formed as self-boiled lime sulphur. In fact, I use it almost 

 exclusively on many varieties and find it puts a beautiful 

 finish on the fruit, and very satisfactory. On large trees 

 we try, if possible, to spray with .the wind. We use two leads 

 of hoge, one in the tower and one on the ground and from 

 150 to 200 lbs. pressure. 



The third application should be made in ten days or 

 two weeks, and apply it exactly the same as the second one, 

 just as fine a mist as possible. But not too high a pressure ; 

 at this stage the young apples are very tender and easily 

 injured. 



This is the time when the eurculio is very active with 

 us in New Jersey, and unless we keep the fruit well covered 

 with poison it surely will be very badly injured by this in- 

 sect. T neglected to say we always use 1 3-4 lbs. of pow- 

 dered arsenate of lead to each 50 gallons in all the summer 

 sprays. Some growers say it is a waste of material, but it 

 kills the insects, and results are what count with me. 



The fourth spraying should be made about two weeks 

 later, keeping the fruit and foliage well covered. And the 

 last application about the first of July. 



