58 



Black Leaf 40, 1-500, and it will be effective if the spraying 

 is thoroughly done. If the lice are not present when the 

 dormant spray is applied, watch the buds closely, just as 

 soon as they begin to appear spray at once with Black Leaf 

 40 at the rate of 1-500, plus two pounds of whale oil soap to 

 each 50 gallons, using about three hundred pounds pressure. 

 If the trees are thoroughly covered it will kill 100 percent, 

 giving a perfect control. This is about all the spraying 

 necessary except in occasional instances when we have an 

 infestation of Rose bugs and Leaf Hopper, both of which are 

 easily controlled. 



Cultivation is another very important factor in the 

 commercial apple orchard. Personally, I do not think there 

 is anything that will take its place. Neither do I believe as 

 high a quality of apples can be produced when it is not 

 practiced. 



The cultivation should he started early in the spring. 

 It will increase the size of the fruit considerably. The 

 trees appear in a more healthy condition. The fruit vv^ill 

 hang on the trees from ten days to two weeks longer when 

 thorough cultivation is practiced. Our orchards are 

 ploughed very light along in April and cultivated at least 

 once each week and often twice if the weather is dry until 

 the first or middle of July, when they are seeded with 

 kind of a cover crop, preferably clover, to be turned under 

 the following spring. We use the Forkner light draft har- 

 row and find it very satisfactory No doubt there are many 

 apple orchards located where the conditions are not favor- 

 al)le for cultivation ; but as I am a very strong believer in 

 cultivation I would not care to own an orchard where it 

 could not be practiced. 



Fertilization is also a necessity and adds greatly to the 

 attractiveness, and I think I can safely say, to the quality 

 of the fruit. 



No apple orchard can possibly produce annual crops 

 of fruit uidess it is well supplied with some kind of fertilizer 

 each year. 



