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shows in the bud, as is the practice of certain growers, we 

 have not only an efficient check upon sf ale but a most valu- 

 able remedy for early leaf feeders sach as bud moth, case 

 bearers and the more conspicuous though usually less inju- 

 rious apple tent caterpillars. And if in addition we add to 

 this delayed dormant spray a tobacco extract, 40 per cent, 

 nicotine, we have in this application a very effective check 

 on aphis or plant lice and the early hatching red bug, at least 

 in some seasons. The difficulty with this treatment, espe- 

 cially when given late, is the limited time during which the 

 material can be applied with safety and the danger of bad 

 weather preventing treatment altogether. In sections where 

 scale has not been troublesome in recent years, where aphis 

 and red bug are generally not important and where fungus 

 is rarely troublesome, it is possible to omit this dormant or 

 delyaed dormant spraying without great danger of serious 

 loss. Some other insects deserve notice in passing, namely 

 aphids and re bugs. The former, especially in view of the 

 remarks by an earlier speaker, are more important than many 

 fruit growers realize. The extended investigations by Pro- 

 fessor P. J. Parrott of the New York State Agricultural Ex- 

 periment State have satisfied him that serious damage to fruit 

 may be caused soon after blossoming and therefore later 

 spraying for the control of these pests is frequently unsatis- 

 factory. His work in the western part of the state has amply 

 demonstrated the beneficial results following early thorough 

 bud spraying with a contact insecticide for the destruction of 

 the aphids shortly after they have hatched from the black, 

 over-wintering eggs so frequently numerous upon the twigs. 

 The best time for this treatment is just after the buds have 

 separated, though excellent results may be secured if the 

 spraying is delayed until the leaves are about hanlf an inch 

 long. The main object is to destroy these pests before they 

 have had an opportunity of curling the leaves and thus pro- 

 tecting themselves to a considerable extent from contact in- 

 secticides. The addition of nicotine to the delayed dormant 

 spray is one of the cheapest and most effective wavs of con- 



