150 



attention, since our work in earlier years has satisfied us 

 that neglect at this time can be remedied to only a very lim- 

 ited extent by later applications. In other words, spraying 

 three or four weeks after the blossoms fall, while of value, is 

 only about one-third or one-half as effective in preventing 

 wormy apples as compared with the calyx spray. This is dun 

 to the fact that some two-thirds of the yoimg codling moth 

 larvae enter the apples sooner or later at the blossom end. 

 Evidence gathered within the last few years indicates more 

 clearly than heretofore the accumulative value of thorough 

 annual calyx sprayings if the grower would secure a maxi- 

 mum benefit. It has been demonstrated, especially in the 

 western part of New York State, that a considerable portion 

 of the young codling moth larvae hatch from eggs deposited 

 late upon the small apples and make a characteristic shal- 

 low blemish or "side injury" in the smooth surface of the 

 apple before entering the blossom end. It is exceedingly diffi- 

 cult, if not impossible, to poison these small caterpillars be- 

 fore they have inflicted this injury and consequently the 

 spraying of one season has a material effect upon the amount 

 of this type of damage which may occur the following year. 

 This blemish, while not serious of itself, since it is rarely 

 deeper than 1-16 of an inch, has its effect upon grading, es- 

 pecially if abundant and the apples are grown in a state hav- 

 ing a uniform grading and packing law. 



The benefits accruing from the calyx spray are not lim- 

 ited to codling moth control, especially if a tobacco extract 

 at the usual strength is added, since this latter is of value as 

 in the late dormant spray, in checking aphis and moreover if 

 the spraying is given just after the blossoms fall it may be 

 the most effective treatment possible for control of red bug, 

 something depending upon the season. 



The use of arsenate of lead, paste or powder is prefer- 

 able to some of the newer and cheaper insecticides which 

 have not been thoroughly tested in the orchard. The in- 

 creased price and the possibility of not obtaining an ade- 

 quate supply of poison has led to frequent inquiries in re- 



